Brown Bear (Ursus acrtos) Captures and Serological Survey Results for Bacterial Viral and Parasitic Agents, Alaska, 2013-2016

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Reeves, A.B. (ORCID: 0000-0002-7526-0726)
Originator: Hilderbrand, G.V. (ORCID: 0000-0002-0051-8315)
Originator: Ramey, A.M. (ORCID: 0000-0002-3601-8400)
Publication_Date: 20181105
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Reeves, A.B., Hilderbrand, G.V., Ramey, A.M. 2018, Brown Bear (Ursus acrtos) Captures and Serological Survey Results for Bacterial Viral and Parasitic Agents, Alaska, 2013-2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94FFEUJ

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P94FFEUJ
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Hilderbrand, G.V. (ORCID: 0000-0002-0051-8315)
Publication_Date: 2014
Title: Ecological Studies of Alaskan Brown Bears
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=408

Description:

Abstract:

Data set containing test results of screening blood and serum samples from five populations of Brown Bears in Alaska. Samples were tested to detect current or previous exposure to bacteria (Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, and Leptospira spp.), viruses (canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, and influenza A virus), and parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella spp.).

Purpose:

Samples collected from bears were screened for evidence of exposure to numerous bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents including: Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, Leptospira spp., canine adenovirus type-1, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, influenza A virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella. Specifically, these data were used to: (1) gain preliminary inference into the exposure of bears from three previously unsampled locations to numerous pathogens, (2) explore potential differences in exposure of bears to pathogens relative to location, age, and sex (3) investigate trends in seroconversion/seroreversion for bears sampled multiple times throughout our sampling period, (4) assess if previous observations regarding spatial and age-related trends in seroprevalence are supported through analysis of contemporary samples, and (5) evaluate possible changes in exposure over time for bears inhabiting Katmai National Park and Kodiak Island.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2013
Ending_Date: 2016

Currentness_Reference: ground condition (field data) and observed (laboratory data)

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

The study area includes five locations within the state of Alaska: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Katmai National Park, Kodiak Island, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, and Yakutat Foreland.

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.1548
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -138.65783
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 68.17612
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.15505

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC196

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keywords Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science
Theme_Keyword: Biological Classification
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears
Theme_Keyword: Bacteria/Archaea
Theme_Keyword: Protists
Theme_Keyword: Viruses

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Grizzly Bears
Theme_Keyword: Bacterial diseases
Theme_Keyword: Viral Diseases
Theme_Keyword: Parasitic Diseases

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NIH MeSH Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Natural Science Disciplines
Theme_Keyword: Biological Science Disciplines
Theme_Keyword: Biology
Theme_Keyword: Genetics
Theme_Keyword: Parasitology
Theme_Keyword: Bacteria

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Health and disease
Theme_Keyword: Sciences
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife disease
Theme_Keyword: Bears

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: State of Alaska
Place_Keyword: Gates of the Arctic National Park
Place_Keyword: Gates of the Arctic National Preserve
Place_Keyword: Katmai National Park
Place_Keyword: Kodiak Island
Place_Keyword: Lake Clark National Park
Place_Keyword: Lake Clark National Preserve
Place_Keyword: Yakutat Foreland

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: Mammals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Brown Bear
Taxonomic_Keywords: Brucella
Taxonomic_Keywords: Francisella tularensis
Taxonomic_Keywords: Leptospira
Taxonomic_Keywords: Canine adenovirus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Canine distemper virus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Canine parvovirus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Influenza A virus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii
Taxonomic_Keywords: Trichinella

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details for Brown Bears and Bacteria were retrieved May 10, 2018, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database http://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: http://www.itis.gov/

Classification_System_Modifications: None

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: NCBI Taxonomy database
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: National Center for Biotechnology Information Taxonomy Database
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: National Center for Biotechnology Information

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomy details for Protozoa were retrieved Jun 18, 2018, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy database on-line

Online_Linkage: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Super Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eukaryota
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Applicable_Common_Name: Animal
Applicable_Common_Name: animaux
Applicable_Common_Name: animals
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Applicable_Common_Name: cordés
Applicable_Common_Name: cordado
Applicable_Common_Name: chordates
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrado
Applicable_Common_Name: vertébrés
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Applicable_Common_Name: mammifères
Applicable_Common_Name: mamífero
Applicable_Common_Name: mammals
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Applicable_Common_Name: carnivores
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Applicable_Common_Name: bears
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Applicable_Common_Name: bears
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus arctos
Applicable_Common_Name: Brown Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: Grizzly Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: Oso pardo
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN 202383

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Nematoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Enoplea
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Dorylaimia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Trichinellida
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Trichinellidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Trichinella

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: no rank
Taxon_Rank_Value: Alveolata
Applicable_Common_Name: Protista
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Apicomplexa
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Conoidasida
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Coccidia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eucoccidiorida
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sarcocystidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Toxoplasma
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: gondii

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Super Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Prokaryota
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bacteria
Applicable_Common_Name: bacteria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Negibacteria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Proteobacteria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Alphaproteobacteria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhizobiales
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Brucellaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Brucella
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 956860

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gammaproteobacteria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Thiotrichales
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Francisellaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Francisella
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Francisella tularensis
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subspecies
Taxon_Rank_Value: Francisella tularensis holarctica
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 969464

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirochaetae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirochaetes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirochaetales
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Leptospiraceae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Leptospira
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 503

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: no rank
Taxon_Rank_Value: viruses
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: viruses
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Negarnaviricota
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Polyploviricotina
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Insthoviricetes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Articulavirales
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Orthomyxoviridae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Alphainfluenzavirus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Influenza A virus

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ramey, A.M. (ORCID: 0000-0002-3601-8400)
Originator: Cleveland, C.A.
Originator: Hilderbrand, G.V. (ORCID: 0000-0002-0051-8315)
Originator: Joly, K.
Originator: Gustine, D.D. (ORCID: 0000-0003-1087-1937)
Originator: Mangipane, B.
Originator: Leacock, W.B.
Originator: Crupi, A.P.
Originator: Hill, D.E.
Originator: Dubey, J.P.
Originator: Yabsley, M.J.
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:

Exposure of Alaska Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) to bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents varies spatiotemporally and may be influenced by age

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Issue_Identification: 55(3)

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wildlife Disease Association

Other_Citation_Details:

Ramey, A.M., Cleveland, C.A., Hilderbrand, G.V., Joly, K., Gustine, D.D., Mangipane, B., Leacock, W.B., Crupi, A.P., Hill, D.E., Dubey, J.P Yabsley, M.J. 2019. Exposure of Alaska Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) to bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents varies spatiotemporally and may be influenced by age. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 55(3) doi: 10.7589/2018-07-173

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.7589/2018-07-173

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Individual sample ID's, collection dates, sampling locations, numbers, and reported age and sex of individual samples provided by collectors were cross-checked and verified to match the accompanying worksheet. The accuracy of pathogen tests are related to the details of each test; described in below in Methodology and Sources.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Data were spot checked during a formal peer review of the data and metadata files. Data omissions for particular entities are explained in the Entity and Attribute definitions. We considered a bear to have seroconverted upon re-sampling if an individual was negative for antibodies to a given infectious agent using samples collected at the initial sampling event and an antibody titer exceeding the positive threshold value for a given pathogen was obtained using sera obtained at any subsequent sampling event. Similarly, we considered a bear to have sero-reverted if an individual was identified as positive for antibodies to a given infectious agent using sera obtained at the initial sampling event and antibody titer failed to exceed the positive threshold value for a given pathogen at a subsequent sampling event.

Completeness_Report:

Most bears were screened for all pathogens listed, however, due to limited sample volume, agreements with collaborating agencies, or funding constraints, some individuals were only tested for exposure to selected pathogens. For example, no bears from the Yakutat Forelands were screened for Brucella spp. or Leptospira spp.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Positions collected with Garmin hand held GPS with average accuracy to within 3 m.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Brown Bears were live-captured, and in 44 cases re-captured (after approximately 1.5–25 months), by personnel from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), National Park Service (NPS), U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center (USGS-ASC) from July 2013–July 2016 as part of ongoing spatial ecology research at five general locations in Alaska: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (NPP), Katmai National Park (NP), Kodiak Island, Lake Clark NPP, and the Yakutat Forelands.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Blood (less than 60 ml) was collected through cephalic venipuncture into 10 ml tubes with no additive. Blood samples were stored at ambient temperatures in the field and processed the evening of collection. Samples were spun for 15 minutes at 3,000 g and serum decanted into cryovials. Blood clots were frozen in original collection tubes.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

We estimated age at the initial sampling event by evaluation of tooth wear by experienced observers as described by Hilderbrand et al. 2018, and used this estimate to define age of re-captured individuals at subsequent sampling events. If a tooth-wear estimation was not performed, a bear was estimated to reach adult status (by size, not breeding status) when a bear has reached 97% of their maximum size (Hildebrand et al 2018).

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Samples were screened for evidence of exposure to a suite of bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents including: Brucella spp.(USDA NVSL, Ames IA, USA), Francisella tularensis (Becton, Dickenson and Company, Sparks, MS, USA), Leptospira spp. (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA), canine adenovirus type-1 (Appel et al 1973), canine distemper virus (Appel and Robson 1973), canine parvovirus (Carmichael et al 1980), influenza A virus (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA), Toxoplasma gondii (Dubey and Desmonts 1987), and Trichinella (SafePath Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Hilderbrand, G.V.
Originator: Gustine, D.D.
Originator: Mangipane, B.A.
Originator: Joly, K.
Originator: Leacock, W.
Originator: Mangipane, L.S.
Originator: Erlenbach, J.
Originator: Sorum, M.S.
Originator: Cameron, M.D.
Originator: Belant, J.L.
Originator: Cambier, T.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:

Body size and lean mass of Brown Bears across and within four diverse ecosystems

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Zoology
Issue_Identification: 305: 53-62

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2018

Source_Currentness_Reference: observed

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hilderbrand et al 2018
Source_Contribution: Methods used for estimating the age of bears

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratory

Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title: modified agglutination test
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Ames, Iowa, USA
Publisher:

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratory

Other_Citation_Details:

Methods describing the commercially available Brucella Card test for detection of antibodies to Brucella species can be obtained by contacting the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Phone: (515)337-7266, email: nvsl_concerns@aphis.usda.gov

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2013

Source_Currentness_Reference: observed

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USDA NVSL, Ames IA, USA
Source_Contribution:

Commercially available card test for detection of antibodies to Brucella species

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Becton, Dickenson Company
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: febrile antigen agglutination test
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Sparks, MS, USA
Publisher: Becton, Dickenson Company

Other_Citation_Details:

Methods for the detection and quantification of antibodies to Francisella tularensis using the febrile antigen agglutination test (FAAT) can be obtained by contacting Becton, Dickenson and Company, phone: (201)847-6800, website: http://www.bd.com/

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2013

Source_Currentness_Reference: observed

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Becton, Dickenson and Company, Sparks, MS, USA
Source_Contribution:

Commercially available FAAT test for detection of antibodies to Francisell tularensis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: IDEXX Laboratories
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title: agglutination
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Westbrook, ME, USA
Publisher: IDEXX Laboratories

Other_Citation_Details:

Methods describing the SNAP® test for detection of antibodies to Leptospira and the bELISA for the detection of antibodies to influenza A virus, can be obtained by contacting IDEXX Laboratories, Phone: 1-800-548-6733, website: https://www.idexx.com/

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2013

Source_Currentness_Reference: observed

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA
Source_Contribution:

Commercially available SNAP test for the detection of antibodies to Leptospiram and a commercially available bELISA for the detection of antibodies to influenza A virus.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Appel, M.
Originator: Bistner, S.I.
Originator: Menegus, M.
Originator: Albert, D.A.
Originator: Carmichael, L.E.
Publication_Date: 1973
Title:

Pathogenicity of low virulence strains of two canine adenovirus types

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: American Journal of Veterinary Research
Issue_Identification: 34

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1973

Source_Currentness_Reference: observed

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Appel et al 1973
Source_Contribution:

Methods for the detection of canine adenovirus type-1 antibodies

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Appel, M.
Originator: Robson, D.S.
Publication_Date: 1973
Title: A microneutralization test for canine distemper virus
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: American Journal of Veterinary Research
Issue_Identification: 34

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1973

Source_Currentness_Reference: 1973

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Appel and Robson 1973
Source_Contribution: Methods for the detection of canine distemper virus antibodies

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Carmichael, L.E.
Originator: Joubert, J.C.
Originator: Pollock, R.V.H.
Publication_Date: 1980
Title:

Hemagglutination by canine parvovirus: Serologic studies and diagnostic applications

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: American Journal of Veterinary Research
Issue_Identification: 41

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1980

Source_Currentness_Reference: 1980

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Carmichael et al 1980
Source_Contribution:

Methods to detect and determine the amount of canine parvovirus antigen in blood serum

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dubey, J.P.
Originator: Desmonts, G.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title: Serological responses of equids fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Equine veterinary journal.
Issue_Identification: 19(4)

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1987

Source_Currentness_Reference: 1987

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Dubey and Desmonts 1987
Source_Contribution: Methods for the detection Toxoplasma gondii antibodies

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: SafePath Laboratories
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Westbrook, ME, USA
Publisher: SafePath Laboratories

Other_Citation_Details:

Methods used for the detection of antibodies to Trichinella spp can be obtained by contacting SafePath Laboratories, Phone: (844)277-970, website: https://safepath.com/

Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2013

Source_Currentness_Reference: 2013

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SafePath Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA
Source_Contribution:

Commercially available test for the detection of antibodies to Trichinella

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Data was transcribed from field notebooks to an electronic spreadsheet.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

Bear populations names are derived from the name of the National Park or other geographic region in which bears were captured.

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: brownBear_serologicalSurvey_alaska_reeves_2013_2016
Entity_Type_Definition:

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Population
Attribute_Definition:

The population/region from which an individual bear was captured.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: GAAR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: KATM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Katmai National Park, Alaska, USA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: KOD
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: LACL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: YAK
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Yakutat Foreland, Alaska, USA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_ID
Attribute_Definition:

A unique identifier for an individual Bear. Numbers are repeated if a bear was recaptured during the study. See Date and Notes data for more information of recaptures.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 16005

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sex
Attribute_Definition:

The sex of the individual bear captured, determined by experienced observers performing visual assessments.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date of capture and sample collection (MM/DD/YYYY).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 7/05/2013
Range_Domain_Maximum: 7/10/2016

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Estimated_age
Attribute_Definition:

Estimated age at time of initial capture by evaluation of tooth wear by experienced observers. This estimate was used to define age of re-captured individuals at subsequent sampling events. If age was not estimated by tooth wear at initial capture, 'Adult' was used if the bear was estimated to be >= 8 years old based on morphometric comparisons to growth charts.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 26.0

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Adult
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A bear estimated to be >= 8 years old based on morphometric comparisons to growth charts.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Capture_latitude
Attribute_Definition:

Latitude in decimal degrees of capture and sample collection as determined by hand held GPS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 57.1551
Range_Domain_Maximum: 68.1761

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Capture_longitude
Attribute_Definition:

Longitude in decimal degrees of capture and sample collection as determined by hand held GPS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -156.1548
Range_Domain_Maximum: -138.6578

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: UGA_sample_ID
Attribute_Definition:

A unique sample identifier. These sequential laboratory numbers were assigned by the University of Georgia where the samples were processed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 216

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Brucella_spp
Attribute_Definition:

Results of a Card test for the detection of antibodies to Brucella. Visualized agglutination was interpreted as a positive assay result.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USDA NVSL, Ames IA, USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Positive
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was positive for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Weak positive
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was positive for the identification of the pathogen, however the test result was weak as indicated by partial agglutination.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not tested
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This sample was not tested for the pathogen.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Francisella_tularensis
Attribute_Definition:

Results of the febrile antigen agglutination test (FAAT) for the presence of antibodies to Francisella tularensis. A titer >= 20 was interpreted as a positive assay result. Titer values are the inverse of the greatest dilution for which a positive result was observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Becton, Dickenson and Company, Sparks, MS, USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20
Range_Domain_Maximum: 160

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Leptospira_spp
Attribute_Definition:

Results of the SNAP® test for the presence of Leptospira spp. antigens. The formation of reaction products was interpreted as a positive assay result.

Attribute_Definition_Source: IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not tested
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This sample was not tested for the pathogen.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Positive
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was positive for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Canine_adenovirus_type-1
Attribute_Definition:

Results of a serum neutralization test for the detection of protective antibodies to canine adenovirus type-1. A titer >= 4 was interpreted as a positive assay result. Titer values are the inverse of the greatest dilution for which a positive result was observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Appel et al 1973
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: N>=512
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was positive for the identification of the pathogen as indicated by a titer value >=512

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 256

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Canine_distemper_virus
Attribute_Definition:

Results of a serum neutralization test for the detection of protective antibodies to canine distemper virus. A titers >= 4 was interpreted as a positive assay result. Titer values are the inverse of the greatest dilution for which a positive result was observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Appel and Robson 1973
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 16

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative (2.8)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result identified weak antibody response to the pathogen, however the quantification was below the established threshold and the assay result was therefore interpreted as negative.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Canine_parvovirus
Attribute_Definition:

Results of a hemagglutinin inhibition test to detect and determine the amount of canine parvovirus antigen in a blood serum sample. A titer >= 10 was interpreted as a positive assay result. Titer values are the inverse of the greatest dilution for which a positive result was observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Carmichael et al 1980
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 160

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Influenza_A_virus
Attribute_Definition:

Results of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) for the detection and quantification of antibodies to influenza A virus. A signal-to-noise ratio (i.e., ratio of optical density of the test sample/ optical density of negative control) less than 0.5 was interpreted as a positive assay result.

Attribute_Definition_Source: IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0079
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.4902

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Toxoplasma_gondii
Attribute_Definition:

Results of a modified agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Titers >=25 were interpreted as a positive assay result. Titer values are the inverse of the greatest dilution for which a positive result was observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dubey and Desmonts 1987
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: N>=200
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was positive for the identification of the pathogen as indicated by a titer value >=200.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 25
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not tested
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This sample was not tested for the pathogen.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Trichinella_spp
Attribute_Definition:

Results of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Trichinella spp. An optical density (liters/(mole x cm)) less than 0.30 after subtracting the value for negative control was interpreted as a positive assay result.

Attribute_Definition_Source: SafePath Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Negative
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The assay result was negative for the identification of the pathogen.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sample_taken_during
Attribute_Definition:

A label defining whether the sample was collected at the first capture event for an individual bear (initial sample) or if the sample was collected during a re-capture event (re-sampled individual).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: initial capture
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The sample was collected from an individual bear during the first capture event.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: recapture
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected during a re-capture event.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Brown Bear (Ursus acrtos) Captures and Serological Survey Results for Bacterial Viral and Parasitic Agents, Alaska, 2013-2016

Metadata: