Water Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River Basins, Northwest Alaska, 2015-2017

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Koch, Joshua C. (ORCID: 0000-0001-7180-6982)
Originator: Carey, Michael P. (ORCID: 0000-0002-3327-8995)
Originator: O'Donnell, Jonathon A. (ORCID: 0000-0001-7031-9808)
Publication_Date: 20191030
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Koch, J.C., Carey, M.P., O'Donnell, J.A., 2019, Water level, temperature, and discharge of headwater streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River Basins, Northwest Alaska, 2015-2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EIX8ET

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EIX8ET
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:

Hydro-ecological responses to permafrost degradation in Arctic streams

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 352

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=352

Description:

Abstract:

This data set includes 15-minute interval data on stream temperature, stage, and discharge from low-order streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River valleys in Northwestern Alaska, collected during the summer months. Several sites in the Agashashok River basin were monitored in 2015 and 2016, and additional sites were added in 2017. The depth of the water and temperature were determined using a combined pressure transducer and temperature sensor that was deployed through the summer months. Different sensors were used in each stream and year, so a file is included detailing the stage and temperature accuracy for each year and stream. In rare instances in the fall, stage was estimated for certain streams (e.g. NFT3) based on remote camera images of the staff plate. Discharge was derived from the stage data by creating a rating curve relating stage to discharge measured during site visits.

Purpose:

These data were collected from streams in catchments that cross a gradient of ground temperatures, ice content, and vegetation in order to assess how these factors control physical stream characteristics. This data is part of the Hydro-Ecology of Arctic Thaw (HEAT) project, which is linking the impacts of warming in the Arctic-Boreal transition zone of Alaska to changes in stream hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecosystems, and fish.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20150609
Ending_Date: 20170823

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Northwestern Alaska
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.2320
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.3945
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 67.7580
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 67.2440

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC232

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: InlandWaters
Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Freshwater ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Hydrology
Theme_Keyword: Permafrost
Theme_Keyword: Stream discharge
Theme_Keyword: Water temperature

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Agashashok River
Place_Keyword: Cutler River
Place_Keyword: Pish River

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Lower Noatak River
Place_Keyword: Upper Noatak River
Place_Keyword: Middle Kobuk River
Place_Keyword: Kotzebue
Place_Keyword: Northwest Alaska

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference the data in this collection.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Koch, J.C.
Originator: Sjoberg, Y.
Originator: O'Donnell, J.
Originator: Carey, M.
Originator: Sullivan, P.F.
Originator: Terskaia, A.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:

Sensitivity of headwater streamflow to thawing permafrost and vegetation change in a warming Arctic

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Environmental Research Letters
Issue_Identification: .

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: IOP Publishing

Other_Citation_Details:

Koch, J.C., Sjoberg, Y., O'Donnell, J., Carey, M., Sullivan, P.F., Terskaia, A. 2022. Sensitivity of headwater streamflow to thawing permafrost and vegetation change in a warming Arctic. Environmental Research Letters doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2d

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2d

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Pressure transducers were placed in baths of various water levels and temperatures in the laboratory prior to deployment to ensure that the sensor output met the manufacturer's accuracy specifications. These specifications are included in the "HEAT_Data_Accuracy" file in matrix form, because they varied by site and year due to the fact that three different types of sensors were used.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

All values fall within expected range. "NA" is used to note the absence of values in Temperature, Stage and Discharge, see attribute definitions for further explanation.

Completeness_Report: No collected data were omitted from any of the tables.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

GPS points were collected from the stream bank, and so may vary from the actual point of collection by meters to tens of meters.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Pressure transducers were installed in pools in each stream, near the stream mouth. In most cases the pressure transducer was attached to rebar that had been pounded in to the stream bed. Water depth was checked with a manual measurement from the top of the rebar during site visits at the beginning and end of the deployment. Rebar height was related to stream side benchmarks to ensure vertical accuracy. Water temperatures were also independently verified during site visits using a handheld water quality probe.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Discharge was measured during site visits using a mechanical pygmy meter or Flowtracker Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. Measurement accuracy was based on a qualitative assessment by the gager, as well as based on uncertainty measured by the Flowtracker.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Continuous discharge was derived based on the continuously-measured stage data and a rating curve that relates instantaneously-measured stage and discharge. Rating curve development was performed using Aquarius. Instantaneous stage and discharge measurements used to develop the rating curve for each site can be accessed at: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory using either the NWIS Site Number or Station Name found in HEAT_Site_Locations.csv.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722356

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: HEAT_Data_Accuracy.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing stage and temperature accuracy information

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Station_Name
Attribute_Definition: The name of the sampling site.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Identifier for a station

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2015_Stage_accuracy
Attribute_Definition:

Accuracy of the stage measurement, based on which sensor was placed in the stream in 2015 and the manufacturer-reported accuracy of the pressure transducer.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data was not collected at this site in this year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.07
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.36
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Feet

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2016_Stage_Accuracy
Attribute_Definition:

Accuracy of the stage measurement, based on which sensor was placed in the stream in 2016 and the manufacturer-reported accuracy of the pressure transducer.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data was not collected at this site in this year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.36
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Feet

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2017_Stage_Accuracy
Attribute_Definition:

Accuracy of the stage measurement, based on which sensor was placed in the stream in 2017 and the manufacturer-reported accuracy of the pressure transducer.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.36
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Feet

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2015_Temperature_Accuracy
Attribute_Definition:

Accuracy of the temperature measurement, based on which sensor was placed in the stream in 2015 and the manufacturer-reported accuracy of the temperature sensor.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data was not collected at this site in this year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2016_Temperature_Accuracy
Attribute_Definition:

Accuracy of the temperature measurement, based on which sensor was placed in the stream in 2016 and the manufacturer-reported accuracy of the temperature sensor.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data was not collected at this site in this year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2017_Temperature_Accuracy
Attribute_Definition:

Accuracy of the temperature measurement, based on which sensor was placed in the stream in 2017 and the manufacturer-reported accuracy of the temperature sensor.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: HEAT_Hydrology_Data.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing time series data of stream temperature, stage, and discharge.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Station
Attribute_Definition: The name of the sampling site.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Identifier for a station

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: The date of the measurement
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 6/10/2015
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8/23/2017
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mm/dd/yyyy

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Time
Attribute_Definition: The time of the measurement on the 24 hour clock.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 12:00:00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 23:45:00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: hh:mm:ss

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Temperature_C
Attribute_Definition: The measured temperature of the water.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NAs occur when the temperature sensor was not in the water.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 32.3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Stage_ft
Attribute_Definition: The level of the water relative to an arbitrary datum.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

NA indicates that pressure measurements were inaccurate due either to water levels falling below the sensor level, or some force (flood, rockfall, wildlife) moving the sensor from its anchor).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.55
Range_Domain_Maximum: 102.11
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Feet

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Discharge_cfs
Attribute_Definition: The rate of flow measured at the sensor location
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

NAs indicate either that stage measurements were not available or that stage fell outside of the rating curve and thus discharge could not be calculated.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 779.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Cubic feet per second

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: HEAT_Site_Locations.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing station names and locations.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Station_Name
Attribute_Definition: The name of the sampling site.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Identifier for a station

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NWIS_Site_Number
Attribute_Definition:

A unique code for this site that can be used to locate site information including discrete stage and discharge measurements in the USGS's National Water Information System (https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 671438000000000
Range_Domain_Maximum: 674529000000000

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NWIS_Station Name
Attribute_Definition:

A unique name for this site that can be used to locate site information including discrete stage and discharge measurements in the USGS's National Water Information System (https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Identifier for a station in the USGS's National Water Quality System (NWIS).

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:

The geographic coordinate specifying the north-south position of the site on the Earth.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 67.244
Range_Domain_Maximum: 67.75797
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Degrees

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:

The geographic coordinate specifying the east-west position of the site on the Earth.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -162.23199
Range_Domain_Maximum: -157.39451
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Degrees

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Datum_ft
Attribute_Definition:

An arbitrary value representing the elevation of a site's datum in feet.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Feet

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Three tables are included containing information related to hydrologic measurements as part of the Hydro-Ecology of Arctic Thaw (HEAT) project. 'HEAT_Site_Locations' includes the location of sites, and a code that can be used to access site information and discrete discharge measurements from the USGS NWIS website. 'HEAT_Data Accuracy' includes information on the accuracy of stage and temperature measurements in years that they were collected. 'HEAT_Hydrology_Data' includes water height, temperature, and discharge from various sites and years. Definitions are author defined and are complete as stated in the Entity and Attribute section.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

More information about NWIS definitions can be obtained from https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis.

Water Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River Basins, Northwest Alaska, 2015-2017

Metadata: