Little Ice Age Maximum Glacier Extent, Exit and Paradise Glaciers, Alaska

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Loso, Michael G.
Originator: Williams, Haley B.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Little Ice Age Maximum Glacier Extent, Exit and Paradise Glaciers, Alaska
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details:
Please cite this dataset as: Loso, M.G., and Williams, H.B., 2017, Exit and Paradise Glacier Foreland, Alaska River and Glacier Maps, Channel Surveys, Digital Elevation Model, and Orthophoto, 1800s-2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HJZ.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HJZ
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Curran, Janet H.
Originator: Loso, Michael G.
Originator: Williams, Haley B.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Sedimentation and flooding in a glacial stream at Exit Glacier, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:
Series_Name: none
Issue_Identification: none
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=324
Description:
Abstract:
This dataset is a single polyline file that depicts the boundary of the Little Ice Age maximum advance of the terminus of Exit and Paradise Glaciers. The data were collected and digitized for the purpose of identifying, as nearly as possible, the maximum extent of the Little Ice Age (1800s) expansion of the terminal margin of Exit Glacier and Paradise Glacier. Fragments of moraines previously dated by other investigators capture only a small portion of the boundary of that glacier expansion, so this dataset was developed to provide a complete map of the LIA maximum boundary, without requiring definitive dating of any particular portion of the boundary. It is assumed that the entire mapped boundary was occupied by glacier ice sometime during the LIA maximum (nominally 1815-1899 A.D.), but within that time range some portions of the glacier may have reached their maximum extents before or after others.
Purpose:
This dataset supports a study of the fluvial and glacial development of the area immediately downstream of Exit Glacier on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula. Exit Glacier and the associated Exit Creek are within Kenai Fjords National Park, and their changes over time are of interest to park visitors and managers.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1815
Ending_Date: 1899
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -149.719278406
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -149.525247427
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.217326722
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.067309574
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC131
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Ice ages
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers
Theme_Keyword: Deglaciation
Theme_Keyword: Alluvial fans
Theme_Keyword: Flood plains
Theme_Keyword: Flooding
Theme_Keyword: Rivers
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Little Ice Age
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Exit Glacier
Place_Keyword: Paradise Glacier
Place_Keyword: Paradise Creek
Place_Keyword: Harding Icefield
Place_Keyword: Resurrection River
Place_Keyword: Kenai Fjords National Park
Place_Keyword: Seward
Place_Keyword: Kenai Peninsula
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Exit Creek
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Stratum_Keyword: streams
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use. It is the responsibility of the user to use the data appropriately and consistent with the limitations of the data in general and these data in particular.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Michael Loso
Contact_Organization: National Park Service, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: P.O. Box 439
City: Copper Center
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99573
Country: USA
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: P.O. Box 439
City: Copper Center
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99573
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-529-9372
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Michael_loso@nps.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Curran, Janet H.
Originator: Loso, Michael G.
Originator: Williams, Haley B.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Glacial conditioning of stream position and flooding in the braid plain of the Exit Glacier foreland, Alaska
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Geomorphology
Other_Citation_Details: 293PA:272-288
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.004
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Mapping of the glacier boundary was based primarily upon interpretation of aerial photographs, satellite images, and hillshaded digital elevation models, mostly viewed at approximately 1:5000 scale. Under ideal circumstances where landforms clearly representative of the maximum glacier advance are clearly visible, accuracy of the line is considered to be +-20 m. In some areas, distinguished by the attribute table as described later in this metadata, landforms representative of the maximum glacier advance were not clearly visible, and accuracy is considered to be +-100 m. Some of the mapped features were probably formed asynchronously, in particular in the Paradise basin. No investigators have directly studied the moraines or glaciers of Paradise basin, and we can only infer that the timing of fluctuations there were broadly similar to those in Exit basin. For the glacier lobe in the western headwaters of Paradise Creek which, like Exit Glacier, drains the northeastern portion of the Harding Icefield, this assumption is probably sound. For the isolated cirque glaciers in the eastern headwaters of Paradise Creek, this assumption is more speculative.
Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
Completeness_Report:
Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: AeroMetric, Inc.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title: Harding Icefield 2 Meter DEM
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: AeroMetric, Inc.
Other_Citation_Details:
USGS contract no. 07CRCN0002, titled Kenai Fjords NP Glacier Lidar
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20080830
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2008 Harding Icefield DEM and hillshade
Source_Contribution:
The 2 m DEM and a hillshade made from the DEM provided a base layer for mapping that covered the entire study area except for the eastern parts of the Paradise Glacier basin.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: AeroMetric, Inc.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: Exit Glacier 2012
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: AeroMetric, Inc.
Other_Citation_Details: USGS contract, AeroMetric Job No. 6120911
Source_Scale_Denominator: 800
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20121012
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012 Exit Creek Orthophoto
Source_Contribution:
This 0.15 m pixel orthophoto from scanned aerial photographic negatives served as the most recent base layer for mapping and interpretation.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
MrSID Mosaic of IKONOS OrthoImagery for Kenai Fjords National Park
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20050720
Ending_Date: 20050910
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2005 KEFJ Orthophoto
Source_Contribution:
This 1 m pixel orthophoto of Kenai Fjords National Park provided the most recent base layer for areas outside the extents of the 2008 Harding Icefield DEM.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The Little Ice Age glacier boundary was mapped from terminal moraines, lateral moraines,and trimlines that reflect the maximum glacier advance and inferred where these landforms were not visible. Features were digitized at about 1:5000 and connected with lines attributed as lower quality that reflect greater uncertainty in the former glacier position to map a continuous lower boundary of Exit Glacier and adjacent Paradise Glacier during the late Little Ice Age maximum.
Process_Date: Unknown
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 19
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 Alaska Albers (ESRI Full Name: NAD_1983_Alaska_Albers)
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 55.0
Standard_Parallel: 65.0
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -154.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 50.0
False_Easting: 0.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096
Planar_Distance_Units: Meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Little Ice Age glacier extents (Attribute Table)
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Quality
Attribute_Definition:
Accuracy with which line segment represents actual glacier boundary.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The line segment is based on a clearly visible landform and the accuracy is believed to be +-20 m.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The line segment is not based on a clearly visible landform and the accuracy is believed to be +-100 m.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
Exit_Paradise_Glacier_LIA_extent is available in ESRI shapefile format for display in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) format for display in a virtual globe.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ZIP
Format_Version_Number: None
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied.
Transfer_Size: 0.5
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HJZ
Fees: None
Custom_Order_Process:
Zip file containing the geospatial data in KML and ESRI Shape file formats. The data package also contains the FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats.
Technical_Prerequisites:
In order to properly visualize the data, users will need a geospatial viewer program such as ArcGIS, QGIS, Google Maps/Earth, Marble, or World Wind.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Person: Janet Curran
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Generated by mp version 2.9.40 on Wed Jun 21 11:48:42 2017