West Twin Creek Alaska Subsurface Bromide Tracer Experiment, 2015

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Joshua Koch (ORCID: 0000-0001-7180-6982)
Publication_Date: 20170210
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Koch, J., 2017, West Twin Creek Alaska Subsurface Bromide Tracer Experiment, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F70C4T0V.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F70C4T0V
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Joshua Koch
Publication_Date: 2010
Title: Nome Creek Experimental Watershed
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: web site
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=409

Description:

Abstract:

This data was produced as part of a subsurface tracer experiment performed on a boreal hillslope in July, 2015. The data is separated into three files: 'Well Data.csv' includes the location and depth of well screens, concentrations of the bromide tracer in time, saturation state of the subsurface at the wells, ground cover at the wells, and depth of the organic-mineral boundary which controls shallow flow. 'Probe data.csv' includes thaw depth, gravel presence, and vegetation type within the well field. 'Breakthroughs.csv' includes solute concentrations in time from wells that displayed robust breakthroughs. The data includes electrical conductivity and bromide measurements, and a column that combines these two solutes based on a significant linear relationship between the two.

Purpose:

These data were collected in order to understand the movement of solutes in boreal hillslopes. The experiment was set up to mimic a typical long-duration storm event. Sampling was then conducted to follow the tracer in the subsurface.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20150729
Ending_Date: 20150730

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

West Twin Creek Catchment, Nome Creek Watershed, White Mountains, Alaska

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -146.915
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -146.916
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.345
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.346

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC92

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: tracer study
Theme_Keyword: water sampling
Theme_Keyword: groundwater flow
Theme_Keyword: soil horizons
Theme_Keyword: percolation
Theme_Keyword: permeability

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD
Theme_Keyword: subsurface flow
Theme_Keyword: infiltration
Theme_Keyword: runoff

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Nome Creek
Place_Keyword: White Mountains

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Joshua Koch
Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Joshua Koch
Originator: Ryan Toohey
Originator: Matt Reeves
Publication_Date: 20170524
Title:

Tracer-based evidence of heterogeneity in subsurface flow and storage within a boreal hillslope

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Hydrological Processes
Issue_Identification: Vol. 31, Issue 13

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: On Line
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Koch JC, Toohey RC, Reeves DM. Tracer-based evidence of heterogeneity in subsurface flow and storage within a boreal hillslope. Hydrological Processes. 2017;31:2453–2463. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11205

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11205

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Accuracy checks for water chemistry data include field calibration of the electrical conductivity probe (YSI-6920) in the field, and calibration and blank samples run during the bromide sample analysis. Organic mineral boundary and thaw depths were not checked, but the spatial correlations (in the referenced manuscript) provide some evidence of quality.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

All values are within expected ranges. Some omissions exist, where data was not collected, which are represented with null values.

Completeness_Report:

Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Locations were determined based on distance along a measuring tape from a datum determined using a handheld GPS. The datum is uncertain on the scale of meters. Points derived using the tape may have an additional uncertainty on the scale of tenths of meters.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

During well installation, the depth of the well before encountering resistance was noted, and assumed to indicate the organic-mineral boundary depth. A solid boundary was assumed to indicate the presence of cobbles. Often, the vegetation type was noted during well installation.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

A permafrost probe was used to determine the depth to ice in the subsurface along a grid pattern within the well field. The probe was also used to identify a crunchy sound and feel that indicated the presence of subsurface gravel. Vegetation type was determined at some locations, and restricted to either "moss" or "lichen".

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

A sodium bromide tracer was added in a pit at the top of the well field, and followed by sampling the wells over 24 hours. Electrical conductivity of the water was determined in the field, and samples were collected and taken back to the laboratory for measuring bromide concentrations.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Samples were analyzed for bromide concentrations using a INW (Kent, WA) TempHION ISE sensor calibrated with a NaBr standard.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The data are minimally processed, beyond correcting for drift of the bromide detector during laboratory analysis

Process_Date: 20150130

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Local Coordinate System
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Local_Planar:

Local_Planar_Description:

Locations were determined based on distance from a datum determined using a handheld GPS. Y values increase parallel to the downslope direction from the datum. X values increase perpendicular to the Y axis, to the left of the datum when facing downhill.

Local_Planar_Georeference_Information:

The datum is located at 65.3450 degrees North, 146.9161 degrees West.

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: distance and bearing
Distance_and_Bearing_Representation:

Distance_Resolution: 1
Bearing_Resolution: 1
Bearing_Units: Decimal degrees
Bearing_Reference_Direction: North
Bearing_Reference_Meridian: Assumed

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Well Data
Entity_Type_Definition:

This data includes the name of the wells, their location relative to a datum, depth in the subsurface, saturation state and solute concentrations at multiple time points, and the soil and vegetation characteristics at the wells.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Well Name
Attribute_Definition:

A code describing the well location, often based on the well row, distance along the x axis, and screen depth.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

This is a name field, so each label is unique and not part of a defined domain.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Well Code
Attribute_Definition:

A single letter that serves to link wells with robust breakthroughs to the text, tables, and figures in the associated journal publication, Koch et al., 2017.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: A
Range_Domain_Maximum: K

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Well Type
Attribute_Definition: A code indicating the type of well.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: OMB
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A single-screen well installed at the organic-mineral boundary
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MLS
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A multi-level sampler, screened at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 meters below the ground surface.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Y Location
Attribute_Definition:

The location in the well field in meters, parallel to the slope, where the tracer addition took place at Y = 0.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: X Location
Attribute_Definition:

The location in the well field in meters, perpendicular to the slope, where the tracer addition took place at X = 4.15.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Radial distance from the injection
Attribute_Definition:

The straight line distance from the tracer addition pit to the well.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12.6
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Well depth
Attribute_Definition:

The depth of the well screen below the ground surface in meters. A null value indicates that the well depth was not measured.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Br @ T = 0h
Attribute_Definition:

The bromide concentration in milligrams per liter, determined before the beginning of the tracer addition. A null value indicates that no data was collected. 'Dry' indicates that the well was dry and thus a concentration could not be determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Br @ T = 2h
Attribute_Definition:

The bromide concentration in milligrams per liter, determined 2 hours after the tracer addition. A null value indicates that no data was collected. 'Dry' indicates that the well was dry and thus a concentration could not be determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Br @ T = 4h
Attribute_Definition:

The bromide concentration in milligrams per liter, determined 4 hours after the tracer addition. A null value indicates that no data was collected. 'Dry' indicates that the well was dry and thus a concentration could not be determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Br @ T = 8h
Attribute_Definition:

The bromide concentration in milligrams per liter, determined 8 hours after the tracer addition. A null value indicates that no data was collected. 'Dry' indicates that the well was dry and thus a concentration could not be determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Br @ T = 12h
Attribute_Definition:

The bromide concentration in milligrams per liter, determined 12 hours after the tracer addition. A null value indicates that no data was collected. 'Dry' indicates that the well was dry and thus a concentration could not be determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Br @ T = 24h
Attribute_Definition:

The bromide concentration in milligrams per liter, determined 24 hours after the tracer addition. A null value indicates that no data was collected. 'Dry' indicates that the well was dry and thus a concentration could not be determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Organic-mineral boundary depth
Attribute_Definition:

The depth of the boundary between organic and subsurface soils, as determined by resistance during the well installation. A null value indicates that no data was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.50
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Probe Data
Entity_Type_Definition:

This data includes the ground thaw depth, gravel presence, and vegetation type in an approximately gridded transect of the well field.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Y Location
Attribute_Definition:

The location in the well field in meters, parallel to the slope, where the tracer addition took place at Y = 0.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: X Location
Attribute_Definition:

The location in the well field in meters, perpendicular to the slope, where the tracer addition took place at X = 4.15.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Thaw depth
Attribute_Definition:

The depth of thawed ground, determined by pushing a metal rod into the ground until refusal.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.37
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Gravel
Attribute_Definition:

The presence or absence of gravel determined during the thaw depth probing. Gravel presence was often felt and heard as the probe scraped along subsurface rocks.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gravel was detected.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: No
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gravel was not detected.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Vegetation
Attribute_Definition:

The ground cover at the location of the well, limited to either 'lichen' or 'moss', depending on which was dominant. Null values indicate either that vegetation was not noted, or that the vegetation was mixed at that location.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Moss
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ground cover dominated by moss.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lichen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ground cover dominated by lichen.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Breakthroughs
Entity_Type_Definition:

This data set includes data on the subsurface concentration at various times for several wells that had many measurements. The significant relationship between electrical conductivity and bromide was used to create a robust dataset.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Well Name
Attribute_Definition:

A code describing the well location, often based on the well row, distance along the x axis, and screen depth

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

This is a name field, so each label is unique and not part of a defined domain.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Well Code
Attribute_Definition:

A single letter that serves to link wells with robust breakthroughs to the text, tables, and figures in the associated journal publication, Koch et al., 2017.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: A
Range_Domain_Maximum: K

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Y Location
Attribute_Definition:

The location in the well field in meters, parallel to the slope, where the tracer addition took place at Y = 0.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: X Location
Attribute_Definition:

The location in the well field in meters, perpendicular to the slope, where the tracer addition took place at X = 4.15.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Time
Attribute_Definition:

The time in hours, at which the concentration was observed in the well, relative to the tracer addition (ie. T = 0 h).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.05
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: hours

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Electrical Conductivity
Attribute_Definition:

The electrical conductivity of the well water. A null values indicates that the measurement was not made at this time.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 19
Range_Domain_Maximum: 180
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microsiemens per centimeter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Bromide
Attribute_Definition:

The concentration of the bromide ion in the well water. A null values indicates that the measurement was not made at this time.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 83.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Full Breakthroughs
Attribute_Definition:

This column combines the electrical conductivity and bromide data into one dataset based on the significant statistical relationship between their concentrations.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 83.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams of bromide per liter of water

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The three tables provide information regarding different attributes within the 12m by 8m well field. 'Probe data' includes points observed in a grid. 'Well data' provides information on all of the installed wells. Solute concentrations in wells with robust breakthrough curves are quantified in 'Breakthroughs'.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Herein

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Resource_Description: Authoritative source for data.
Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ZIP
Format_Version_Number: 19.0
Format_Specification: Winzip
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file containing three data files in CSV format, metadata in XML and HTML formats.

File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F70C4T0V

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Review_Date: 20170224
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Ak
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

West Twin Creek Alaska Subsurface Bromide Tracer Experiment, 2015

Metadata: