Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska, 2016

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Salvatore G. Candela
Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Publication_Date: 201707
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: McNeil C. J. et. al, 2017, Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M043G7.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M043G7
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Originator: Daniel McGrath (ORCID: 0000-0002-9462-6842)
Originator: Gabriel J. Wolken
Originator: Salvatore G. Candela
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Esther L. Babcock (ORCID: 0000-0001-7665-7795)
Originator: Michael G. Loso
Originator: Anthony A. Arendt
Originator: Erin N. Whorton
Originator: Evan W. Burgess
Originator: Alessio Gusmeroli
Publication_Date: 2017
Title: Ground Penetrating Radar Data on North America Glaciers
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: web site
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=384

Description:

Abstract:

U.S. Geological Survey researchers conducted time-series ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys with a Sensors and Software 500-MHz Pulse Ekko Pro system. We collected common-offset data from the ground, towed behind a researcher using a snowmobile, and from the air, strapped underneath a helicopter. We also collected common-midpoint data at specific glacier locations. All the profiles are linked to coincident GPS observations. Coincident in-situ data may provide calibration information, and may be composed of any of the following: snow pits and/or snow-pit/snow-core combinations, probe profiles, and ablation stakes. This supplemental information may provide estimates of snow properties to calibrate radar velocity.

Purpose:

We obtained data to estimate snow thickness on Alaska Glaciers to complement U.S. Geological Survey research efforts including local and regional scale mass-balance modeling. The purpose of this body of work is to monitor glacier change over time and to provide insights into glacier systems.

Supplemental_Information:

Collection parameters varied within data set. Additional information regarding parameters and settings included with these data (.HD files).

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20160101
Ending_Date: 20161231

Currentness_Reference: publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -134.3722944289873
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -134.33510004001863
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.40721607477955
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.35235529297488

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Electromagnetic Data
Theme_Keyword: GPR
Theme_Keyword: geophysics
Theme_Keyword: Glaciology
Theme_Keyword: GPR
Theme_Keyword: ground-penetrating radar

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Earth Science Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Cryosphere
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers/Ice Sheets
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers
Theme_Keyword: Ablation Zones/Accumulation Zones
Theme_Keyword: Spectral/Engineering
Theme_Keyword: Radar
Theme_Keyword: Radar Imagery

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Glaciology
Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: Geology
Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Lemon Creek Glacier

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:

Please cite U.S. Geological Survey/listed authors and give credit for the data. When appropriate, please consider co-authorship with the owners of the database. These data are the result of efforts by many of government and non-government participants in the field, including USGS and various researchers and managers. All publications based on these data should acknowledge all of these efforts. If a publication is based solely on the analysis of this data, we suggest that you involve the authors of this data with the writing and/or review of the manuscript. We would also appreciate receiving a reprint or copy of any publications or reports that make use of the data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508-4626
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907) 786-7020
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

We used pulseEKKO Pro system software and sensors for data capture. Other software, such as Python, R or Octave, is publicly available for data visualization.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Unknown
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: U.S. Geological Survey Glaciers and Climate Project
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: web site
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details: USGS glaciers program web site
Online_Linkage:

https://www2.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/glacierstudies/default.asp

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Originator: Daniel McGrath (ORCID: 0000-0002-9462-6842)
Originator: Gabriel J. Wolken
Originator: Salvatore G. Candela
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Esther L. Babcock (ORCID: 0000-0001-7665-7795)
Originator: Michael G. Loso
Originator: Anthony A. Arendt
Originator: Erin N. Whorton
Originator: Evan W. Burgess
Originator: Alessio Gusmeroli
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Data on North America Glaciers
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data download site
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ground Penetrating Radar Data on North America Glaciers
Issue_Identification: ver 2.0, July 2017

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: On line
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Shad O'Neel, et al, 2017, "Ground Penetrating Radar Data on North America Glaciers", ver 2.0, July 2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M043G7.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M043G7

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

We did not conduct any formal attribute accuracy tests. Quality of ground-penetrating radar data depends on signal-to-noise ratio, number of bad traces, and other data attributes. The user must assess these attributes on a case-by-case basis.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

We did not conduct any formal attribute accuracy tests. All of the profiles are linked to coincident GPS observations. Coincident in-situ data is provided for calibration, and may be composed of any of the following: snow pits and/or snow-pit/snow-core combinations, probe profiles, and ablation stakes. This supplemental information may provide snow property estimates for radar velocity calibration.

Completeness_Report:

Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. We include all of the collected data even though some of the data may not be interpretable depending on intended use.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

We did not conduct any formal positional accuracy tests. Qualitatively, the positional accuracy is +/- 1 meter horizontally and +/- 3 meters vertically. Vertical GPS position for airborne data references the helicopter position not the ground surface.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

We conducted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys with a 500-MHz Pulse Ekko Pro sensors and software system. We collected common-offset data from the ground, towed behind a researcher using a snowmobile, and from the air, strapped underneath a helicopter. We also collected common-midpoint data at specific glacier locations. All the profiles are linked to coincident GPS observations. Coincident in-situ data may provide calibration information, and may be composed of any of the following: snow pits and/or snow-pit/snow-core combinations, probe profiles, and ablation stakes. This supplemental information may provide estimates of snow properties to calibrate radar velocity.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Coincident in-situ data was collected for calibration and may be composed of any of the following: snow pits and/or snow-pit/snow-core combinations, probe profiles, and ablation stakes. This supplemental information provides estimates of snow properties to calibrate radar velocity.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Altitude_System_Definition:

Altitude_Datum_Name: WGS84
Altitude_Resolution: 1.0
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:

Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

.GPS files contain NMEA strings. See the following link for more information: http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm

.HD files contain header information. See sensors and software manual (http://www.sensoft.ca/ or http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~geology/jiracek/sage/documents/Sensors%20and%20Software%20GPR%20Manual.pdf),

.ASC files contain trace data in ASCII format with traces in columns and samples in rows.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Annan AP and Sensors and Software Inc. (1993) Practical Processing of GPR Data. Proceedings of the Second Government Workshop on Ground Penetrating Radar. Columbus, Ohio http://www.ees.nmt.edu/outside/courses/Geop446/Docs/GPR_data_process.pdf

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Overview Map
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

This map displays location of GPR data collected, along with select metadata which may include the directory number, line number, and/or direction of travel during collection.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508-4626
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Resource_Description: Authoritative source for data.
Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ZIP
Format_Version_Number: 19
Format_Information_Content:

Data package contains GPR data as DT1, GPS, HD and ASC (ASCII) formats. In situ data is provided in CSV format. A summary map is included in PDF format. Metadata is provided in XML and HTML formats.

File_Decompression_Technique: Winzip legacy compression applied
Transfer_Size: 43600

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M043G7

Fees: none

Technical_Prerequisites:

Proprietary files are hosted here for compactness, but can be viewed and processed using a number of freely available applications. These include Matlab GPR, available at http://users.uoa.gr/~atzanis/matgpr/matgpr.html and GPRSoft viewer, available at http://www.geoscanners.com/downloads.htm. Python, R, Octave, or other publicly available data software can be used to display the data visually.

Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska, 2016

Metadata: