High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Erich H. Peitzsch (ORCID: 0000-0001-7624-0455)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Zachary S. Miller (ORCID: 0000-0002-6876-6710)
Originator: Erin N. Whorton (ORCID: 0000-0002-1395-3084)
Publication_Date: 20190716
Title: High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details:
Baker, E. H., Peitzsch, E. H., Sass, L. C., Miller, Z. M., Whorton, E. N., 2019, High altitude weather station data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers (ver. 1.0, July, 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EUXIPE.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EUXIPE
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Originator: Daniel B. Fagre (ORCID: 0000-0001-8552-9461)
Originator: Erich H. Peitzsch (ORCID: 0000-0001-7624-0455)
Originator: Caitlyn E. Florentine (ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-0963)
Originator: Erin N. Whorton (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Publication_Date: 2018
Title: USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/f7bg2n8r
Description:
Abstract:
Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). Direct field measurements are combined with weather data and imagery analyses to estimate the seasonal and annual mass balance at each glacier in both a conventional and reference surface format (Cogley and others, 2011).
High-altitude measurements of meteorological data have been collected since the beginning of the USGS Benchmark Glacier Program adjacent to glaciers in order to support related science. This portion of the data release includes select weather data that has received basic quality control and assurance. Data is released at three different levels of processing, level 0, 1 and 2. Level 0 data contains compiled raw data, before QC procedures are applied, at the original timestep recorded by the instrument. Level 1 data has received a plausible value check, and minimal manual error identification (e.g. errors noted on field visits). Level 2 data has been through more extensive quality control procedures and is provided at both the original instrument timestep as well as aggregated hourly and daily values. However, beyond the procedures detailed in this document, no additional steps have been taken to manually assure quality of the data. Data outside the main record of temperature and precipitation at each site should be considered preliminary, and be utilized with increased scrutiny.
Purpose:
Weather data is collected at high-elevation locations adjacent to Benchmark Glaciers in order to track changes in environmental conditions over time, and for use in glacier-wide mass balance calculations. There are many other potential uses for this data, including ecological, hydrological, and geophysical research questions among others. Real-time data for stations at Wolverine and Gulkana are available to the public via NWIS, serving a more general user base.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1966
Ending_Date: 2018
Currentness_Reference: observed
Status:
Progress: Planned
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annually
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -148.9500
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -113.7500
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.3500
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.6200
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC205
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: geophysics
Theme_Keyword: Glaciology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Earth Science Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Cryosphere
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers/Ice Sheets
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers
Theme_Keyword: Ablation Zones/Accumulation Zones
Theme_Keyword: Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation
Theme_Keyword: Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Glaciology
Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: Geology
Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: glaciology
Theme_Keyword: glaciation
Theme_Keyword: snow and ice cover
Theme_Keyword: precipitation (atmospheric)
Theme_Keyword: field inventory and monitoring
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Wolverine Glacier
Place_Keyword: Gulkana Glacier
Place_Keyword: Sperry Glacier
Place_Keyword: South Cascade Glacier
Place_Keyword: Lemon Creek Glacier
Place_Keyword: Juneau Icefield
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
It is requested that the authors and the USGS be cited for any subsequent publications referencing this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data in order to evaluate dataset limitations, restrictions and recommended uses. When appropriate, please consider co-authorship with the authors of these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508-4626
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907) 786-7020
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Publication_Date: 20180101
Title: Alaska Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance Website
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glacier web page.
Online_Linkage: https://www2.usgs.gov/landresources/lcs/glacierstudies/
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Efforts were made to ensure accuracy in released data. QC procedures are described in detail within the process steps, but vary by data type. Degree of manual QC of data varies by location.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Data has undergone a scripted QC process, as detailed in the process description section. All values pass logical consistency checks therein. nan values indicate that data is not available for that timestep. The instrument may not have been functioning, or determined to not be functioning correctly.
Completeness_Report:
Additional older records may be available before the digital era, via scans of strip charts. Contact authors regarding this potential. Strip charts exist, but have not been digitized at this time. Faulty data has been removed from Level 1 and Level 2 weather data, as described in the process steps section of this document.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Positions are reported to 1 m and the location of the site is known to higher accuracy. Vertical accuracy is low, to the closest 10 m; elevations of the station names are used to distinguish the sites, rather than provide precise elevation data. Users should determine precise elevation from an outside elevation dataset of their choice (e.g. a digital elevation model in the geodetic portion of the mass balance data collection).
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Level 0 Data Processing:
Raw data are compiled from multiple sources, primarily remote telemetry and raw downloaded logger files. Timeslips in logger are adjusted to match nearest 15 minute logger interval.
Additional older raw records may be available via digitized scans of analog strip charts prior to installation of digital automated weather stations.
Process_Date: 2018
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Level 1 Data Processing:
Temperature Data All temperature sensors 1. Plausible value check - remove values below -40, above +30 ° C. This is informed by knowledge of the specific sites in our analysis.
Precipitation Data 1. Remove maintenance-related noise from the record, resulting from precipitation gage liquid filling and emptying from the record. If the sum of incremental precipitation received in 45 minutes is over 6 cm, the incremental precipitation received during this period is set to null, as well as the timesteps immediately preceding and after to ensure entire maintenance impacts are removed from the record.
Wind Data Wind Speed 1 .Plausible value check, setting wind speeds of greater than 75 m/s to NAN. 2. Check for a minimum variability in wind speed of at least 0.5 m/s every hour, indicating that instrument is not rimed, and is recording wind speed.
Wind Direction 1. Plausible value check; remove values greater than 360° and less than 0°. 2. Minimum variability check; remove data where wind direction measured changes less than 10° in 3 hours. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommendation is for 10 ° in 1 hour, but for data measured at higher frequency.
Radiation Data Radiation data should be used with caution at this time. Little effort has been made to correct for sensor drift, issues with rime accumulation, and other confounding factors. Raw data is provided here with these caveats. 1. Plausible value check; remove values less than 0 and greater than 1600 Watts per meter squared (W/ m2) (Zahumensky, 2004). Values less than 0 are set to 0.
Air Pressure Data 1. Plausible value check; remove values less than 50 kilo pascals (kPa), greater than 110 kPa.
Process_Date: 2018
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Level 2 Data Processing:
Temperature Data 1. Remove transient malfunctions with a median-based filter. A moving window of 8 values (2 hours for 15 min data) is used to identify sensor spikes. Where the absolute difference of a single observation from the 8-observation rolling median is greater than 4 ° C, the value is set to window median. Create site-best temperature 1. If multiple temperature sensors exist at the site, the records are compared and combined to create a timeseries of the best site temperature. If an aspirated temperature sensor exists at the site, this is considered the primary sensor due to better performance in calm, sunny conditions; passive temperature sensors are secondary. 2. In primary (aspirated) temperature sensor record, replace values with passive-sensor median where: • Absolute difference between aspirated sensor and mean of passive sensors greater than 2 °C and • Passive sensors agree with each other within 0.5 °C and • More than one passive sensor record is available. These values come from Zahumensky (2004). 3. Fill remaining gaps in primary temperature sensor record with median of all other sensors available, when the standard deviation among the remaining sensors is less than 1.5. Secondary sensors may be composed of a secondary aspirated, 2 passive sensors, or some other combination thereof. 4. Remove outliers due to intermittent sensor noise with a hampel filter. A hampel filter uses a moving window of 7 values, identifying outliers as values greater than 3 median absolute deviations from the window median. This is only applied in locations where the initial timestep of the logged data is sub-hourly. 5. Remove remaining transient outliers in final ‘best-temperature time series via an 8-sample median-based filter, as above. 6. Create time-aggregated
Precipitation Data 1. Remove high-amplitude noise related to wind with a median-based hampel filter. • A 6-sample hampel filter identifies measurements greater than 2 median absolute deviations from period median, and fills with median. Window examines 3 measurements before and after each value, for a window period of 45 min on either side of examined value for 15-minute data. 2. Remove transient sensor malfunctions, resulting from electronic noise, using the daily median of incremental precipitation for the original timestep of data (15 minutes). If a single value of incremental precipitation is over 1 cm, that measurement is removed, and set to the median of incremental precipitation that day. 3. Remove low-amplitude noise, including wind and temperature-related diurnal fluctuation noise, with a smoother that retains total precipitation catch, while creating a monotonically increasing timeseries, as defined by Nayak (2010). Preserves timing and quantity of precipitation, while removing ‘negative’ precipitation measurements, a result of temperature and wind-related noise.
Wind, Radiation, Air Pressure Data • Same level of QC process as L1; time-aggregated data is provided as a convenience.
Data QC following recommendations of Zahumenský, I., 2004, Guidelines on quality control procedures for data from automatic weather stations: World Meteorological Organization, no. 955, p. 2–6.
Process_Date: 2018
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 10
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing LVL0 and LVL1 data
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table names indicate the level of QC the data has received, as described in the process details section, following the convention [glacier][site]_[timestep]_[QClevel].csv. The meteorological variable in each column is indicated by the column name. These are consistent across all the sites, and the descriptions here apply across all levels of QC and location. Additional columns are present in time-aggregated LVL2 data.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: local_time
Attribute_Definition:
Local time (e.g. Alaska, Mountain, or Pacific), including daylight savings shifts.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1995/10/03 10:15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019/06/24 17:00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: minutes
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: UTC_time
Attribute_Definition: UTC time (Zulu Time). No daylight savings shifts.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1995
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2018
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: minutes
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TPassive1
Attribute_Definition:
Air temperature, as measured with a passively-aspirated temperature sensor in degrees Celsius. Value is the interval-average.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -1302.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1267.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TPassive2
Attribute_Definition:
Air temperature, as measured with a passively-aspirated temperature sensor in degrees Celsius. Value is the interval-average.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -666.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 665.8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TAspirated1
Attribute_Definition:
Air temperature, as measured with a mechanically-aspirated temperature sensor in degrees Celsius. Value is interval average.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -72.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 87.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TAspirated2
Attribute_Definition:
Air temperature, as measured with a mechanically-aspirated temperature sensor in degrees Celsius. Value is interval average.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -102.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 64.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Precip_Weighing_Cumulative
Attribute_Definition:
Cumulative precipitation, measured by a weighing-style gage, in meters of water equivalent (m. w.e.). The weighing gage used is a Sutron Total Precipitation Gage (TPG).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -5.475
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.471
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Precip_Stage_Cumulative
Attribute_Definition:
Cumulative precipitation, measured by a stage-style gage, in meters of water equivalent (m. w.e.). The precipitation gage used is an older style “Rocket” gage, no longer in use by USGS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.3635
Range_Domain_Maximum: 114.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: m
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: site_temp
Attribute_Definition:
Only present in Level 2 data. This indicates that this is the best estimate of temperature at a site, given multiple measurements present. Procedure for determining this is detailed in the PDF README included in the data release.
For temperature data, multiple quantities are reported for time-binned data (hourly or daily). A suffix indicates minimum temperature (“min”), maximum temperature (“max”), a straight all-value mean temperature (“USGS”), or average temp computed as the mean of high and low temperatures (WMO).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -50
Range_Domain_Maximum: 50
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: WindSpeed
Attribute_Definition:
average wind speed measured over interval, in meters per second.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.7
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2621
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per second
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: WindDir
Attribute_Definition:
wind direction average over the interval specified, not taking speed into account, indicated in degrees.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -8190.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 262000.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VecAvgWindDir
Attribute_Definition:
vector average wind direction, giving average direction of wind of time interval indicated in degrees.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 360
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: RelHum
Attribute_Definition: relative humidity. Reported in percent, from 0 to 100.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -176.4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 119.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: WindGustSpeed
Attribute_Definition:
highest three-second gust measured during logging interval in meters per second.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 353
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per second
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Barom
Attribute_Definition: barometric pressure, measured in kilo-Pascals (kPa).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -14.4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 91.8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilo Pascals
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SW_in
Attribute_Definition: incoming shortwave radiation, in watts per square meter
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -12.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1061.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: w/M^2
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SW_out
Attribute_Definition: outgoing shortwave radiation, in watts per square meter
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 718.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: w/M^2
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Lw_in
Attribute_Definition: incoming longwave radiation, in watts per square meter
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -166.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: W/m^2
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Lw_out
Attribute_Definition: outgoing longwave radiation, in watts per square meter
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -87.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 51.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: W/m^2
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Pre-Digital Weather Data
Entity_Type_Definition:
Labeled with the convention [glacier][station]_predigital_weatherdata_daily; CSV file.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date, in yyyy/mm/dd format
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1967
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1997
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Temperature
Attribute_Definition: Daily mean temperature, as measured on an analog strip chart.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -40
Range_Domain_Maximum: 40
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Precipitation
Attribute_Definition:
total daily precipitation in millimeters as measured with a cumulative stage gage. For a value comparable to that measured with a more modern weighing-style gage, measured values should be multiplied by the site-specific factor given in the Program History portion of this document. This coefficient is 2.28 at Wolverine, and 1.48 at Gulkana, increasing stage-measured precipitation values.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 257.8
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing LVL 2 data
Entity_Type_Definition:
Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Only additional variables not described in LVL0 and LVL1 documentation are described here.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date, in yyyy/mm/dd format
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1995/10/03 10:15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019/06/24 17:00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: days
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: site_temp_min
Attribute_Definition:
The prefix "site_temp" indicates that this is the best value for temperature at the site, given multiple temperature measurements that may be in place (e.g. multiple passive or aspirated temperature sensors). The process for determining this is detailed in the process steps section of the metadata.
For time-aggregated hourly and daily data, the suffix "min" indicates the minimum temperature during this period.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -37.4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.0
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: site_temp_max
Attribute_Definition:
The prefix "site_temp" indicates that this is the best value for temperature at the site, given multiple temperature measurements that may be in place (e.g. multiple passive or aspirated temperature sensors). The process for determining this is detailed in the process steps section of the metadata.
For time-aggregated hourly and daily data, the suffix "max" indicates the maximum temperature during this period.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -37.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: C
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: site_temp_WMO
Attribute_Definition:
The prefix "site_temp" indicates that this is the best value for temperature at the site, given multiple temperature measurements that may be in place (e.g. multiple passive or aspirated temperature sensors). The process for determining this is detailed in the process steps section of the metadata.
For time-aggregated hourly and daily data, the suffix "WMO" indicates the average of the high and low temperatures during this period, following the traditional WMO procedure.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -37.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: C
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: site_temp_USGS
Attribute_Definition:
The prefix "site_temp" indicates that this is the best value for temperature at the site, given multiple temperature measurements that may be in place (e.g. multiple passive or aspirated temperature sensors). The process for determining this is detailed in the process steps section of the metadata.
For time-aggregated hourly and daily data, the suffix "USGS" indicates the average of the high and low temperatures during this period, following the traditional WMO procedure.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -37.6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: C
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label:
Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing weather station locations
Entity_Type_Definition: Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Glacier
Attribute_Definition: Glacier adjacent to which weather station is located
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Name of glacier
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Elevation
Attribute_Definition:
Approximate elevation of the weather station. This is used as a site label rather than an exact elevation of the site.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 370
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2444
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 10
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: weather station latitude in decimal degrees (WGS 84; EPSG 4326)
Attribute_Definition_Source: EPSG
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 48.364291
Range_Domain_Maximum: 63.297137
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:
weather station longitude in decimal degrees (WGS 84; EPSG 4326)
Attribute_Definition_Source: EPSG
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -148.945242
Range_Domain_Maximum: -113.765174
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00001
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
This release contains automated weather station data collected at sites adjacent to USGS Benchmark Glaciers in Alaska, Montana, and Washington. This weather data is used in glacier mass balance calculations, among other scientific purposes. Available data varies by location, as detailed within this release. In the detailed descriptions here, "GLACIER" is a generic descriptor term, and should be replaced by an individual glacier name (e.g. Sperry or Wolverine) for understanding actual files.
Each weather station location is named via its approximate elevation, referred to by the generic term "Site" here. Data is organized into folders by glacier, and level of QC. The exact process for each sensor type and QC level is detailed in the process step section, and included PDF README.
GLACIER Folder: Files within labeled by site, with the convention [glacier][Site]_[timestep]_[QCLevel].
LVL0 folder: Data which has received little QC; organized and concatenated raw logger data.
LVL1 folder: Data which has received minimal QC; process described in detail above.
LVL2 folder: Data which has received more substantial QC and been time-aggregated to daily and hourly data. Process described in detail above. All measured parameters are included in the time-aggregated hourly and daily files, for convenience. They have received only the QC specified above (i.e. L0 or L1; no additional QC is applied, only time-aggregation, for convenience of use). For temperature data, multiple quantities are reported for time-binned data (hourly or daily). A suffix indicates minimum temperature (“min”), maximum temperature (“max”), a straight all-value mean temperature (“USGS”), or average temp computed as the mean of high and low temperatures (WMO).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Zahumenský, I., 2004, Guidelines on quality control procedures for data from automatic weather stations: World Meteorological Organization, no. 955, p. 2–6.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508-4626
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
Authoritative source for access to data in the collection.This resource is a download website from which data can be accessed based on data type, glacier and vintage.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Zip
Format_Version_Number: 19.0
Format_Information_Content:
See metadata for individual data sets regarding information about zip package contents.
File_Decompression_Technique: Zip
Transfer_Size: 0.8
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EUXIPE
Fees: none
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508-4626
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Jul 16 12:53:39 2019