USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Erich H. Peitzsch (ORCID: 0000-0001-7624-0455)
Originator: Erin N. Whorton (ORCID: 0000-0002-1395-3084)
Originator: Caitlyn E. Florentine (ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-0963)
Originator: Adam M. Clark (ORCID: 0000-0002-8863-1434)
Originator: Zachary S. Miller (ORCID:0000-0002-6876-6710)
Originator: Daniel B. Fagre (ORCID: 0000-0001-8552-9461)
Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Publication_Date: 20191122
Title: USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Web Site
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested Citation: Baker, E.H., McNeil, C.J., Sass, L.C., Peitzsch, E.H., Whorton, E.N., Florentine, C.E., Clark, A.M., Miller, Z.S., Fagre, D.B., and O'Neel, S., 2018, USGS Benchmark Glacier mass balance and project data: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BG2N8R
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BG2N8R
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Caitlyn E. Florentine (ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-0963)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Publication_Date: 2018
Title: USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Web Site
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details: Alaska Science Center project information website.
Online_Linkage: http://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=18
Description:
Abstract:
Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). Direct field measurements of point glaciological data are combined with weather and geodetic data to estimate the seasonal and annual mass balance at each glacier in both a conventional and reference surface format (Cogley and others, 2011). The analysis framework (O'Neel, 2019; prior to v 3.0 van Beusekom and others, 2010) is identical at each glacier to enable cross-comparison between output time series. Vocabulary used follows Cogley and others (2011) Glossary of Glacier Mass Balance.
Purpose:
This collection of data is used to quantitatively record changes in mass at specified glaciers over the period of record. Although these data were primarily collected for the purpose of mass balance, there are many other potential uses, including ecological assessments, remote sensing validation, or water resource applications. Data are included as available, though the history of the project. Additional older, analog records may be available via digitized scans of field notebooks.
Supplemental_Information:
This collection of data is composed of the varied datasets used by the USGS Benchmark Glacier program to measure seasonal and annual mass balance. Products within the release range from raw field data to processed glacier-wide mass balance measurements.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1966
Ending_Date: 2021
Currentness_Reference: publication date
Status:
Progress: Planned
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annually
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -148.95
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -145.33
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.35
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.35
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC172
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: boundaries
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: geophysics
Theme_Keyword: Glaciology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Earth Science Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Cryosphere
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers/Ice Sheets
Theme_Keyword: Glaciers
Theme_Keyword: Ablation Zones/Accumulation Zones
Theme_Keyword: Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation
Theme_Keyword: Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Glaciology
Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: Geology
Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: glaciology
Theme_Keyword: glaciation
Theme_Keyword: snow and ice cover
Theme_Keyword: precipitation (atmospheric)
Theme_Keyword: field inventory and monitoring
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Wolverine Glacier
Place_Keyword: Gulkana Glacier
Place_Keyword: Sperry Glacier
Place_Keyword: South Cascade Glacier
Place_Keyword: Lemon Creek Glacier
Place_Keyword: Juneau Icefield
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications referencing this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data in order to evaluate dataset limitations, restrictions and recommended uses. When appropriate, please consider co-authorship with the authors of these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907) 786-7020
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Caitlyn E. Florentine (ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-0963)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Publication_Date: 20180101
Title: Alaska Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance Website
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glacier web page.
Online_Linkage: https://www2.usgs.gov/landresources/lcs/glacierstudies/
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Originator: Daniel B. Fagre (ORCID: 0000-0001-8552-9461)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Erich H. Peitzsch (ORCID: 0000-0001-7624-0455)
Originator: Daniel McGrath (ORCID: 0000-0002-9462-6842)
Originator: Caitlyn E. Florentine (ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-0963)
Publication_Date: 201806
Title:
Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey data release
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers
Issue_Identification: 3.0
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details:
O'Neel, S., Fagre, D. B., Baker, E. H., Sass, L. C., McNeil, C. J., Peitzsch, E. H., McGrath, D., and Florentine, C. E., 2019, Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HD7SRF
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HD7SRF
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Originator: Erich H. Peitzsch (ORCID: 0000-0001-7624-0455)
Originator: Louis C. Sass (ORCID: 0000-0003-4677-029X)
Originator: Zachary S. Miller (ORCID: 0000-0002-6876-6710)
Originator: Erin N. Whorton (ORCID: 0000-0002-1395-3084)
Publication_Date: 20190301
Title: High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Other_Citation_Details:
Baker, E. H., Peitzsch, E. H., Sass, L. C., Miller, Z. M., Whorton, E. N., 2019, High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EUXIPE.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EUXIPE
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Christopher J. McNeil (ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-0428)
Originator: Caitlyn E. Florentine (ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-0963)
Originator: Valerie A. L. Bright (ORCID: 0000-0002-7627-8004)
Originator: Mark J. Fahey (ORCID: 0000-0002-1853-6992)
Originator: Evan McCann
Originator: Christopher F. Larsen
Originator: Evan E. Thoms (ORCID: 0000-0002-8945-613X)
Originator: David E. Shean
Originator: Lisa A. McKeon (ORCID: 0000-0002-1760-0235)
Originator: Rod S. March
Originator: William Keller (ORCID: 0000-0002-0511-4168)
Originator: Erin N. Whorton (ORCID: 0000-0002-1395-3084)
Originator: Shad O'Neel (ORCID: 0000-0002-9185-0144)
Originator: Emily H. Baker (ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-3496)
Publication_Date: 20190301
Title:
Geodetic Data for USGS Benchmark Glaciers: Orthophotos, Digital Elevation Models, and Glacier Boundaries
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Other_Citation_Details:
McNeil, C. J., Florentine, C. E., Bright, V. A. L., Fahey, M. J., McCann, E., Larsen, C. F., Thoms, E. E., Shean, D. E., McKeon, L. A., March, R. S., Keller, W., Whorton, E. N., O'Neel, S.,and Baker, E. H., 2019, Geodetic data for USGS benchmark glaciers: orthophotos, digital elevation models, and glacier boundaries (ver 1.0, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R8BP3K
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R8BP3K
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Attribute accuracy is described in each individual dataset metadata separately, and should be referenced there for specific descriptions.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Logical consistency is described in each individual dataset metadata separately, and should be referenced there for specific descriptions.
Completeness_Report:
Dataset completeness is described in each individual dataset metadata separately, and should be referenced there for specific descriptions.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Positions are reported to 1 m and the location of the site is known to higher accuracy. However, ablation stakes located on the glacier are moving, and the coordinates represent an average location that the measurement stake flows through on an annual basis. Snow pits and probed snow depths are located close to, but not precisely at site coordinates.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Cogley, J.G
Originator: Hock, R.
Originator: Rasmussen, L.A.
Originator: Arendt, A.A.
Originator: Bauder, A.
Originator: Braithwaite, R.J.
Originator: Jansson, P.
Originator: Kaser, G.
Originator: Möller, M.
Originator: Nicholson, L.
Originator: Zemp, M.
Publication_Date: 2011
Title: Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: technical document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: IHP-VII technical documents in hydrology
Issue_Identification: No. 86, IACS Contribution No. 2
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Paris
Publisher: UNESCO-IHP
Other_Citation_Details:
Cogley, J.G., Hock, R., Rasmussen, L.A., Arendt, A.A., Bauder, A., Braithwaite, R.J., Jansson, P., Kaser, G., Möller, M., Nicholson, L., Zemp, M., 2011, Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms, IHP-VII technical documents in hydrology No. 86, IACS Contribution No. 2: UNESCO-IHP, Paris
Type_of_Source_Media: document
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2011
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Cogley et al 2011
Source_Contribution: Describes methods and analysis
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: O’Neel, S.
Originator: Hood, E.
Originator: Arendt, A.
Originator: Sass, L.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Climatic Change
Issue_Identification: 123(2):329–341
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Springer
Other_Citation_Details:
O’Neel, S., Hood, E., Arendt, A., Sass, L. 2014. Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance: Climatic Change 123(2):329–341, doi:10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7
Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2014
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: O’Neel et al 2014
Source_Contribution: Describes methods and analysis
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: O’Neel, S.
Originator: McNeil, C.
Originator: Sass, L.C.
Originator: Florentine, C.
Originator: Baker, E.H.
Originator: Peitzsch, E.
Originator: McGrath, D.
Originator: Fountain, A.G.
Originator: Fagre, D.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:
Reanalysis of the US Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Glaciology
Issue_Identification: 65(253):850-866
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Other_Citation_Details:
O’Neel, S., McNeil, C., Sass, L.C., Florentine, C., Baker, E.H., Peitzsch, E., McGrath, D., Fountain, A.G., Fagre, D. 2019. Reanalysis of the US Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance. Journal of Glaciology 65(253):850-866, doi:10.1017/jog.2019.66
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.66
Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2019
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: O’Neel et al 2019
Source_Contribution: Describes methods and analysis
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: van Beusekom, A.E.
Originator: O’Neel, S.
Originator: March, R.S.
Originator: Sass, L.C.
Originator: Cox, L.H.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Re-analysis of Alaskan benchmark glacier mass-balance data using the index method
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: USGS Scientific Investigations Report
Issue_Identification: 2010-5247
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
van Beusekom, A.E., O’Neel, S., March, R.S., Sass, L.C., Cox, L.H. 2010. Re-analysis of Alaskan benchmark glacier mass-balance data using the index method. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5247, p. 16
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5247
Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: van Beusekom et al 2010
Source_Contribution: Describes methods and analysis
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Processing steps are detailed separately for each item in the collection.
Process_Date: 2018
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Mass balance is calculated from direct field measurements in combination with weather data and imagery analyses. Mass balance is calculated at both a seasonal and annual time-step at each glacier in both a conventional and reference surface format (Cogley and others, 2011). The analysis framework (Van Beusekom and others, 2010; O’Neel and others, 2014) is identical at each glacier to enable cross-comparison between output time series. Vocabulary used follows Cogley and others (2011) Glossary of glacier mass balance.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source and distributor of these data. This resource is a download website from which data can be accessed based on data type, glacier and vintage.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Zip
Format_Version_Number: 19.0
Format_Information_Content:
See metadata for individual data sets regarding information about zip package contents.
File_Decompression_Technique: Zip
Transfer_Size: 0.8
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BG2N8R
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20220119
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1998
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Jan 19 19:05:53 2022