Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: paleoseismology_C14data_Fairweather_Witter.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table with radiocarbon ages. Includes sample location, sample weight, and description of the material dated. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: version
Attribute_Definition:
Version number of the data release that was current when data record was added to table.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Version number of the data release that was current when data record was added to table.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Receipt_no
Attribute_Definition: Receipt number of sample issued by NOSAMS
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique identifier of each sample issued by NOSMAS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date_reported
Attribute_Definition: Date when NOSAMS reported the results.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2016-12-23
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2018-06-22
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Sample_id
Attribute_Definition: Sample identification provided by USGS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Unique identifier of each sample from USGS.
The Sample_id consists of the 2-digit year the sample was collected; study area (IP = Icy Point); site number defined in the field; and sample number defined in the field.
Or the Sample_id consists of the Site number, which is a concatenation of the excavation (TPA, trench A; TPB, test pit B; TPD, trench D), its north- or south-facing wall (N or S), and sample number. The site 16-TP-4 designates a sediment core (#4) collected in 2016.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Type
Attribute_Definition:
NOSAMS sample type category. All samples analyzed are organic material from plants, including wood.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Plant/Wood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
General description of sample material, including sub-fossil plant or wood.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Process
Attribute_Definition:
NOSAMS pretreatment and combustion process. Pretreatment involves a series of heated acid-based-acid leaches to remove inorganic carbon and mobile organic acid phases. Following pretreatment, organic carbon samples undergo combustion at high temperature.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: (OC) Organic Carbon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
General description of the sample after pretreatment, which removed inorganic carbon and mobile organic acid phases.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Accession_no
Attribute_Definition:
The unique Accession number is an internal lab identifier. 'OS' identifies NOSAMS, the facility analysed the samples.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: OS-134715
Range_Domain_Maximum: OS-141067
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: F_modern
Attribute_Definition:
Fraction Modern is a measurement of the deviation of the C-14/C-12 ratio of a sample from 'Modern'. Modern is defined as 95% of the radiocarbon concentration (in AD 1950) of NBS Oxalic Acid I (SRM 4990B, OX-I) normalized to delta13CVPDB = -19 per mil (Olsson, 1970).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.3062
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0381
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FM_err
Attribute_Definition:
Fraction Modern error. An external error calculated from the reproducibility of multiple exposures for a given target. The C-14/C-12 of a sample is measured 10 separate times over the course of a run. The final reported error is the larger of the internal or external error, propagated with errors from the normalizing standards and blank subtraction. Details of laboratory error analysis are available at
http://www.whoi.edu/nosams/radiocarbon-data-calculations.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0014
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.0037
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: d13C_corr
Attribute_Definition:
Delta C-13 correction. The 'x' indicates that the radiocarbon result was corrected for isotopic fractionation using unreported delta C-13 values measured on the accelerator.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: x
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The radiocarbon result was corrected for isotopic fractionation using unreported delta C-13 values measured on the accelerator.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOSAMS, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition:
Radiocarbon age calculated from the delta13C-corrected Fraction Modern according to the formula: Age = -8033 x ln(Fm). Reported in radiocarbon years before 1950 (C-14 yr BP) except when Fraction Modern is >1 (>Modern).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 105
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9510
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Radiocarbon years before 1950 (C-14 yr BP)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: >Modern
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The fraction modern is >1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Age_err
Attribute_Definition:
Radiocarbon age error, 1 sigma, for the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry method of radiocarbon analysis. An internal statistical error determined by using the total number of C-14 counts measured for each target.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 80
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Radiocarbon years before 1950 (C-14 yr BP)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: d13C
Attribute_Definition:
Delta C-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes C-13 : C-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mill, or 0/00).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -29.13
Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.12
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per thousand
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: d13C_source
Attribute_Definition:
Source of delta C-13 value reported. Value comes from measurements on the sample during analysis.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Measured
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Value comes from measurements on the sample during analysis.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Defined by NOSAMS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Site_description
Attribute_Definition:
Site identifier, designated in the field by USGS, when the radiocarbon sample was collected. Duplicate Site_description indicates multiple samples collected at the site, but at different depths in core or positions on trench wall. Blank cells indicate data not provided.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique site identifier
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude measured with a TRIMBLE Geo7x mapping grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instrument to provide sub-meter horizontal accuracy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 58.390603
Range_Domain_Maximum: 58.56737
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude measured with a TRIMBLE Geo7x mapping grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instrument to provide sub-meter horizontal accuracy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -137.33722
Range_Domain_Maximum: -137.074099
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Stratigraphic_context
Attribute_Definition:
Field identity of the stratigraphic layer from which the sample was collected. For context, please refer to the associated research paper, Witter et al 2021. Blank cells indicate data not provided.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Field identity of the stratigraphic layer from which the sample was collected.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Weight
Attribute_Definition:
Dried weight of sample in milligrams. Blank cells indicate data not provided.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4509
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Milligrams
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Material_dated
Attribute_Definition:
Description of sample material submitted for radiocarbon dating and geologic context. Material processed in the lab by Rob Witter and Adrian Bender.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Description of sample material submitted for radiocarbon dating and geologic context.
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: paleoseismology_IRSLdata_Fairweather_Witter.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table with IRSL age data. Includes sample identification, location, and analytical parameters used to model the IRSL age. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: version
Attribute_Definition:
Version number of the data release that was current when data record was added to table.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Version number of the data release that was current when data record was added to table.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Sample_id
Attribute_Definition: Sample identification provided by USGS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Unique identifier of each sample from USGS. The Sample_id consists of the 2-digit year the sample was collected; study area (IP = Icy Point); site number defined in the field; and sample number defined in the field.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: USU_id
Attribute_Definition:
Sample identification assigned by Utah State University Luminescence Laboratory.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Unique identifier of each sample assigned by the lab. Consists of USU (Utah State Univ) then numbered sequentially in order samples were received.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date of reported result.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2019-05-24
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019-05-24
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude measured with a TRIMBLE Geo7x mapping grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instrument to provide sub-meter horizontal accuracy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 58.397160
Range_Domain_Maximum: 58.406014
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude measured with a TRIMBLE Geo7x mapping grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instrument to provide sub-meter horizontal accuracy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -137.089075
Range_Domain_Maximum: -137.080493
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Num_aliquots_used
Attribute_Definition: Number of aliquots used in age calculation.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 17
Range_Domain_Maximum: 21
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Aliquots
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Num_aliquots_analyzed
Attribute_Definition: Number of aliquots analyzed.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 19
Range_Domain_Maximum: 24
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Aliquots
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Dose_rate_Gy_ka
Attribute_Definition: Radiation dose rate in grays per 1000 years.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.92
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.28
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grays per 1000 years
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Dose_rate_Gy_ka_err
Attribute_Definition: Uncertainty (1-sigma) of radiation dose rate.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.05
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.07
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grays per 1000 years
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Fading_rate_pct_decade
Attribute_Definition: Fading rate measured in percent per decade.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent per decade
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Fading_rate_pct_decade_err
Attribute_Definition: Uncertainty (1-sigma) of the fading rate.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent per decade
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Age_model
Attribute_Definition:
Age model used to determine equivalent dose and IRSL age. CAM, Central Age Model; MAM, Minimum Age Model.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: CAM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Central Age Model
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: MAM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Minimum Age Model
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Equiv_dose_Gy
Attribute_Definition: Equivalent radiation dose in gray units.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.33
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.28
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grays
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Equiv_dose_Gy_err
Attribute_Definition:
Uncertainty (2-sigma) of equivalent radiation dose in gray units.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.68
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.28
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grays
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: IRSL_age_ka
Attribute_Definition:
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) age reported to 1000 years.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.18
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.99
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Thousands of years
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: IRSL_age_ka_err
Attribute_Definition: Uncertainty (2-sigma) of IRSL age in 1000 years.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.66
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.71
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Thousands of years
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Depth_m
Attribute_Definition:
Depth, in meters, of sample below surface measured in the field.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.05
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.89
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: In_situ_water_pct
Attribute_Definition:
Water, in weight percent, in in-place sediment sampled for analysis.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.7
Range_Domain_Maximum: 24.6
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Weight percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Grain_size_micron
Attribute_Definition: Sediment grain size of sample in microns.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 150
Range_Domain_Maximum: 250
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Microns
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Cosmic_dose_Gy_ka
Attribute_Definition:
Contribution of cosmic radiation to the total dose rate in grays per 1000 years.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.13
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.19
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grays per 1000 years
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Cosmic_dose_Gy_ka_err
Attribute_Definition:
Uncertainty (1-sigma) on the contribution of cosmic radiation to the total dose rate in grays per 1000 years.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.02
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grays per 1000 years
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: K_perc
Attribute_Definition:
Radioelemental concentration of potassium (K) in percent determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.11
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.33
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: K_perc_err
Attribute_Definition:
Uncertainty (1-sigma) of radioelemental concentration of potassium (K) in percent.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Rb_ppm
Attribute_Definition:
Radioelemental concentration of rubidium (Rb) in parts per million determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Rb_ppm_err
Attribute_Definition:
Uncertainty (1-sigma) of radioelemental concentration of rubidium (Rb) in parts per million.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Th_ppm
Attribute_Definition:
Radioelemental concentration of thorium (Th) in parts per million determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.9
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Th_ppm_err
Attribute_Definition:
Uncertainty (1-sigma) of radioelemental concentration of thorium (Th) in parts per million.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: U_ppm
Attribute_Definition:
Radioelemental concentration of uranium (U) in parts per million determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: U_ppm_err
Attribute_Definition:
Uncertainty (1-sigma) of radioelemental concentration of uranium (U) in parts per million.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by lab
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million