Argos Satellite Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri)

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R. (ORCID: 0000-0001-6082-3189)
Originator: Sexson, M.G. (ORCID: 0000-0002-1078-0835)
Originator: Douglas, D.C. (ORCID: 0000-0003-0186-1104)
Publication_Date: 20200729
Title:

Argos Satellite Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) - Processed Data

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri)
Issue_Identification: ver 1.1, September 2021

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Petersen, M.R., Sexson, M.G., Douglas, D.C., 2020, Tracking data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) (ver 1.1, September 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B091HG

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B091HG
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2019
Title: USGS Alaska Science Center Wildlife Tracking Data Collection
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska (USA)
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the publicly released wildlife tracking data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center. Users will find links to tracking data from other wildlife species.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Description:

Abstract:

This metadata document describes the data contained in the "processedData" folder of this data package. This data package contains all data collected by the Argos System from 217 satellite transmitters attached to Spectacled Eiders on their breeding range in arctic and western Alaska and northeastern Russia, 1993-2011. The raw data were processed to accomplish two goals: flag implausible location estimates and decode raw sensor data. Three Comma Separate Value (CSV) tables are included in the "processedData" folder of this data package: 1) the "diag_filteredLocations" table contains one record for every Argos location estimate collected, accompanied by a binary flag that denotes an algorithm's plausibility check(based on distance, turning angle, and rate thresholds). Each record also includes a 'Tracking_Status' variable that denotes whether the location was collected from a live animal, a dead animal, or shed transmitter, 2) the "decodedSensor" table contains decoded sensor data such as the transmitter's temperature, battery voltage, and motion (activity), and 3) the "deploymentAttributes" table contains one record for each transmitter deployment in a CSV formatted table. The deployment attributes file contains information such as when the transmitter was attached to the animal, when tracking of a live animal ended, and a variety of variables describing the animal and transmitter. This table is identical to the "deploymentAttributes" table in the "rawData" folder of this data package.

Purpose:

These data were collected to better understand the timing and patterns of migratory movements of Spectacled Eiders between breeding areas in Alaska and Russia and their winter area in the Bering Sea

Supplemental_Information:

Data users are advised to review the README and metadata documents to ensure proper use of the 'Deployment_Fate' and 'Tracking_Status' variables. Misuse or disregard of these variables could result in location data from dead animals or detached transmitters being incorrectly analyzed as data representing a live animal. Also note that, outlier values are not uncommon in the sensor data due to transmission parity errors introduced during satellite communications and no checksum values were embedded in the sensor messages to help screen for parity errors.

The deployment attributes and processed tracking data in this data package are also publicly available in Movebank (www.movebank.org) under a study entitled: "spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos".

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19930514
Ending_Date: 20110826

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Northern and western Alaska to northeastern Russia
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: 143.7
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.5
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72.5
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.9

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC285

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Birds
Theme_Keyword: Ducks/Geese/Swans
Theme_Keyword: Migratory rates/routes
Theme_Keyword: Species life history
Theme_Keyword: Telemetry

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Migratory birds
Theme_Keyword: Seasonal distribution
Theme_Keyword: Seasonal movement
Theme_Keyword: Overwintering
Theme_Keyword: Breeding sites
Theme_Keyword: Capture-recapture studies
Theme_Keyword: Tracking equipment
Theme_Keyword: Tagging devices

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Ornithology
Theme_Keyword: Migratory species
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Animal tracking

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Wintering area
Theme_Keyword: Breeding area
Theme_Keyword: Satellite transmitter
Theme_Keyword: Platform Transmitter Terminal
Theme_Keyword: PTT
Theme_Keyword: Argos

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Spectacled Eider

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea
Place_Keyword: Yukon Delta
Place_Keyword: Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
Place_Keyword: North Slope
Place_Keyword: Colville River Delta
Place_Keyword: Peard Bay

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: NGIA GeoNames
Place_Keyword: Russia

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta
Place_Keyword: NPR-A
Place_Keyword: National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: Birds
Taxonomic_Keywords: Waterfowl

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:

Series_Name: ITIS
Issue_Identification: 175161

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details for Spectacled Eiders were retrieved July 13, 2020; from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance of feathers and plumage, behavior, and vocalization.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is completed for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anseriformes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anatidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Sub-family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anatinae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Somateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Somateria fischeri
Applicable_Common_Name: Spectacled Eider
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175161

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications referenced to this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Originator: Mulcahy, D.M.
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:

Use of implanted satellite transmitters to locate Spectacled eiders at-sea

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Condor
Issue_Identification: 97(1):276-278

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Other_Citation_Details:

Petersen, M.R., Douglas, D.C., Mulcahy, D.M. 1995. Use of implanted satellite transmitters to locate Spectacled eiders at-sea. Condor 97(1):276-278

Online_Linkage: https://www.jstor.com/stable/1369006

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Larned, W.W.
Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Publication_Date: 1999
Title:

At-sea distribution of Spectacled eiders: a 120-year-old mystery resolved

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: The Auk
Issue_Identification: 116(4):1009-1020

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Other_Citation_Details:

Petersen, M.R., Larned, W.W., Douglas, D.C. 1999. At-sea distribution of Spectacled eiders: a 120-year-old mystery resolved. The Auk 116(4):1009-1020 doi:10.2307/4089681

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/4089681

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:

Winter Ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental Characteristics and Population Change

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Condor
Issue_Identification: 106(1):79-94

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Other_Citation_Details:

Petersen, M.R., Douglas, D.C. 2004. Winter Ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental Characteristics and Population Change. Condor 106(1):79-94

Online_Linkage: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1370518

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Sexson, M.G.
Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Breed, G.A.
Originator: Powell, A.N.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:

Shifts in the distribution of molting Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) indicate ecosystem change in the Arctic

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Condor
Issue_Identification: 118(3)463-476

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Other_Citation_Details:

Sexson, M.G., Petersen, M.R., Breed, G.A., Powell, A.N. 2016. Shifts in the distribution of molting Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) indicate ecosystem change in the Arctic. Condor 118(3):463-476 doi:10.1650/CONDOR-15-139.1

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-139.1

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Dau, C.P.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri), version 1.0. In Birds of the World

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Other_Citation_Details:

Petersen, M.R., Grand, J.B., Dau, C.P. 2020. Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (Poole, A.F. and Gill, F.B. Eds). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.speeid.01

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.speeid.01

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Dau, C.P.
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:

Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Other_Citation_Details:

Petersen, M.R., Grand, J.B., Dau, C.P. 2000. Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (Poole, A.F. and Gill, F.B. Eds). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.547

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.547

Analytical_Tool:

Analytical_Tool_Description:

Implausible Argos location estimates were flagged using the Douglas Argos-filter (DAF). DAF is an ad-hoc algorithm that identifies implausible Argos location estimates based on user-defined thresholds which allows the algorithm's performance to be tuned to species' movement, behaviors, and study objectives. Key thresholds define: 1) the distance within which sequential location estimates are retained by virtue of self-validating spatial redundancy, 2) a maximum rate of movement, and 3) the acuity of tight turning angles which are characteristically created by location estimates with large errors. The actual thresholds that were applied are detailed in the "Douglas-Argos Filter" Process Step of this metadata record and in the README file included with the data package.

Tool_Access_Information:

Online_Linkage: https://www.movebank.org/node/7226
Tool_Access_Instructions: https://www.movebank.org/node/38

Tool_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Originator: Weinzierl, R.
Originator: Davidson, S.C.
Originator: Kays, R.
Originator: Wikelski, M.
Originator: Bohrer, G.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title: Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 3(6):999-1007

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Other_Citation_Details:

Douglas, D.C., Weinzierl, R., Davidson, S.C., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., Bohrer, G. 2012. Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3(6):999-1007. doi:10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Most attributes associated with the location data were acquired directly from the Argos System. Accuracy of the location filtering flag ('Location_DAF_Filter') is vulnerable to omission/commission errors as described in Douglas et al 2012. Accuracy of the 'Deployment_Fate' and 'Tracking_Status' variables is sensitive to the type of data available; for example, temperature data from implanted transmitters provide a definitive measure of animal mortality, while an integrated interpretation of sensor and movement data is required to determine whether externally attached transmitters show evidence of mortality or transmitter detachment. Transmission parity errors (misrepresentations of 1's and 0's introduced during earth-to-satellite communication) occur and should be expected when analyzing sensor data. No checksum values were embedded in the sensor messages to help screen for parity errors. Users are advised to interpret just the dominant patterns among the sensor data values and be skeptical of any values that appear to be outliers.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

All values are consistent with animal tracking data obtained by the Argos System. Files included in this data package may contain data obtained post-mortality or post-detachment. For analyses of live free-ranging animals, care must be exercised to use only those data records collected on or before the deployment end time stamp (provided in the "deploymentAttributes" table included with the data package). Data users are additionally advised that outlier values are not uncommon in decoded sensor data due to transmission parity errors introduced during satellite communications. Blank cells indicate attributes that were not collected or not determined.

Completeness_Report:

These data comprise the complete set of transmissions collected by the Argos satellite system from satellite transmitters described in the "deploymentAttributes" table. Temporal gaps in the tracking data time series are intrinsic to the Argos System due to the intermittent coverage of orbiting satellites. Additional temporal gaps are often intentionally introduced by transmitting intermittently to conserve power (i.e., duty cycles). Unintentional data gaps can be introduced by many factors such as insufficient power, antenna damage, or animal behavior and habitat. The filtering of implausible location estimates also contributes to temporal gaps.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

'Standard Quality' location estimates determined by the Argos System (locations classes 3, 2 and 1) have a 1-sigma (68% of locations) accuracy range of 250-1500 m (see Argos Manuals - included with this data package; Douglas et al 2012 and references therein).

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Transmissions from satellite transmitters were received by the Argos satellite system and relayed to ground based processing centers. Location estimates were derived by Argos based on Doppler principles. Final data were disseminated to the U.S. Geological Survey as text files containing location and raw (coded) sensor data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Sexson, M.G.
Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Argos Satellite Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) - Raw Data

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data; ASCII text file
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri)
Issue_Identification: ver 1.1, September 2021

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Petersen, M.R., Sexson, M.G., Douglas, D.C., 2020, Tracking data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) (ver 1.1, September 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B091HG

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B091HG

Type_of_Source_Media: document
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2020

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Petersen et al 2020
Source_Contribution:

Raw satellite telemetry data as received from Argos. Available in the rawData folder included with this data package.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: CLS America
Publication_Date: 1988
Title: Argos User’s Manual
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: CLS America

Other_Citation_Details:

CLS America. 1988. Argos user’s manual. *note: as a courtesy to users (in agreement with CLS America), this manual is included in this data package and can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Type_of_Source_Media: document
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1988

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Argos Manual 1988
Source_Contribution: User manual and definitions of Argos Satellite System.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: CLS America
Publication_Date: 2008
Title: Argos User’s Manual
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: CLS America

Other_Citation_Details:

CLS America. 2008. Argos user’s manual. *note: as a courtesy to users (in agreement with CLS America), this manual is included in this data package and can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Type_of_Source_Media: document
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2008

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Argos Manual 2008
Source_Contribution: User manual and definitions of Argos Satellite System.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: CLS America
Publication_Date: 2011
Title: Argos User’s Manual
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: CLS America

Other_Citation_Details:

CLS America. 2011. Argos user’s manual. *note: as a courtesy to users (in agreement with CLS America), this manual is included in this data package and can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Type_of_Source_Media: document
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2011

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Argos Manual 2011
Source_Contribution: User manual and definitions of Argos Satellite System.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Microwave Telemetry, Inc
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Microwave Telemetry: Battery Powered PTT-100 Field Manual
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Columbia, Maryland, USA
Publisher: Microwave Telemetry, Inc.

Other_Citation_Details:

Microwave Telemetry: Battery Powered PTT-100 Field Manual. *note: as a courtesy to users (in agreement with Microwave Telemetry, Inc.), this manual is included in this data package and can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH

Type_of_Source_Media: document
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: unknown

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: MTI Battery PTT-100 Manual
Source_Contribution:

User manual and definitions for Microwave Telemetry Li battery PTT-100 satellite transmitters.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Series_Name: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 3(6):999-1007

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Other_Citation_Details:

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x

Type_of_Source_Media: journal article
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2012

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Douglas et al 2012
Source_Contribution:

Describes the use of the "Douglas Argos Filter" (DAF) for flagging implausible Argos locations.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Data Collection. Argos raw data in both "DS" and "DIAG" legacy formats were extracted from monthly datasets provided by Service Argos (a.k.a. CLS America or Woods Hole Group) on CD-ROM. Beginning in July 2009, both DS and DIAG data were obtained from Service Argos on CD-ROM in tabular format as Comma Separated Value (CSV) files. The tabular files contain all information reported in the Argos legacy file formats. The tabular DIAG files also include variables describing the Argos error ellipse (beginning in July 2009). Tabular DIAG data files before July 2009 (if applicable) were reformatted directly from the legacy DIAG files, and hence do not contain the error ellipse variables.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Data Flattening. The raw Argos tabular files have had additional attributes appended by the authors to each record (including 'Animal_ID', 'Animal_Species' and 'Tracking_Status').

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Determination of Deployment Fate and Tracking Status. Location and sensor data were examined for each record to assign the value of the 'Deployment_Fate' and 'Tracking_Status' variables. Details are described in the attribute definitions, below.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Argos Location Algorithms. Argos uses one of two algorithms (Least Squares and Kalman Filter) to estimate location by regression fit of a Doppler curve obtained from the perceived (shifted) frequencies of transmissions obtained as the satellite flew over the satellite transmitter (i.e., approaching, then retreating). The Least Squares algorithm provides two different location estimates ('primary' and 'alternate'). The 'primary' estimate is assumed to better reflect the actual PTT location. However, in approximately 1-3% of cases, the 'alternate' location is more accurate.

The Kalman Filter algorithm (introduced by Argos in 2011) takes into account platform dynamics and the use of a bank of Kalman filters to calculate positions. The applied Kalman filtering is a 2-step process: 1) the filter predicts the next position and its estimated error based on the previous position and its estimated error with a movement model; and 2) the filter calculates the new position and its estimated error by updating the predicted position using frequency measurements acquired during the satellite pass. The Kalman filter provides two identical location estimates.

Note that the algorithm used for each PTT deployment is recorded in the "deploymentAttributes" table included with this data package.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Douglas Argos-Filter. Implausible location estimates were flagged using the Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) as implemented in Movebank. DAF is an ad hoc algorithm that identifies implausible Argos location estimates based on user-defined thresholds which allows the algorithm's performance to be tuned to species' movement, behaviors, and study objectives. Key thresholds define: 1) the distance within which sequential location estimates are retained by virtue of self-validating spatial redundancy, 2) a maximum rate of movement, and 3) the acuity of tight turning angles which are characteristically created by location estimates with large errors.

Definitions of the DAF parameters can be found in the filtering help pages at Movebank.com and Douglas et al 2012. The user-defined DAF parameters applied to these data were:

Filter Method = Best Hybrid; keep_lc=1; maxredun=10; offset by one second=True; keeplast=disabled; skiploc=disabled; minrate=100; r_only=disabled; ratecoef=15; xmigrate=2; xoverrun=1.5; xdirect=20; xangle=150; xpercent=20; testp_0a=2; testp_bz=3; Best of Day filter=disabled; pickday=disabled

Each animal's track was visually examined to assess the algorithm-derived filtering decisions, and manually edited if warranted.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Raw sensor data are encoded for transmission. The specifics of encoding vary with transmitter manufacturer and model. We decoded raw (coded) sensor values, received from Service Argos, following procedures prescribed by transmitter manufactures.

Sensor data from Microwave Telemetry Inc (MTI) satellite transmitters were decoded by utilizing the decode equations provided in the MTI Battery PTT-100 Manual.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

Deployment location site names are derived from geographic names in the USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) or the NGIA GeoNames System. They represent discrete capture areas.

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos_deploymentAttributes
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table containing details about each satellite transmitter (PTT - Platform Transmitter Terminal) and its deployment. PTT data include manufacturer, model, and PTT ID. Animal data include: animal ID, deployment dates, and attributes of the animal if recorded (e.g., sex, age, weight, etc). Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table. A copy of the "deploymentAttributes" table is also included in the "rawData" folder with this data package.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Data_Release_DOI
Attribute_Definition:

Unique 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI) that provides a permanent link to this data package and its metadata.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10.5066/P9B091HG
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The DOI that links uniquely to this data package.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Data_Release_Version
Attribute_Definition:

The data package version that was current at the time each record was released. The structure of this data package can accommodate future versions that add additional tracking data for existing or newly tracked individuals of the same species. See version history file included with this data package for additional details.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: v01
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Version 1.0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: v01.1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Version 1.1 - body mass data from 2008-2011 were appended.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_ID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). A concatenation of a four letter species code, capture year, and band_ID.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_Species
Attribute_Definition:

Scientific name of the species of animal tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Somateria fischeri
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Scientific name for Spectacled Eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_ID
Attribute_Definition:

PTT (Platform Transmitter Terminal) ID number from Argos to uniquely identify a satellite transmitter during deployment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique numeric identifier of the satellite transmitter.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_Start_Timestamp_UTC
Attribute_Definition:

The timestamp (date and time) when the satellite transmitter (PTT) deployment started.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1993/05/14 05:00:00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2011/08/26 17:10:00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC
Attribute_Definition:

The timestamp (date and time) when the satellite transmitter (PTT) deployment ended.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1993/05/14 05:00:00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2012/08/10 22:40:00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_Fate
Attribute_Definition:

Deduced final status of the animal and satellite transmitter (PTT) at the time tracking of the live free-ranging animal ended (i.e., animal died, transmitter failed/detached, or tracking of a live animal was otherwise terminated). Determined by assessment of sensor and movement data. For example, activity sensor values that remain constant, temperature sensor values that emulate ambient conditions, and/or lack of expected movement.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: alive
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was no evidence or knowledge that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the last obtained transmission from the PTT or shortly thereafter.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: shed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded only if the animal was later re-observed alive without an attached satellite transmitter. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the most recently obtained transmitter data indicative of attachment to the live free-ranging animal. Raw Argos data are included (if available) for up to 6 months beyond that date to preserve any information after the shed event (i.e., 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC').

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded only if: 1) a carcass was observed or reported (e.g., harvested), 2) an implanted satellite transmitter showed an implausible temperature for a warm-blooded animal, or 3) an externally attached satellite transmitter with an attachment method that was very unlikely to fail/shed showed stationary movement data. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the most recently obtained transmitter data indicative of attachment to the live free-ranging animal. Raw Argos data are included (if available) for up to 6 months beyond that date to preserve any information after the dead event (i.e., 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC').

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: shed/dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was evidence that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed, but distinction was ambiguous. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the most recently obtained transmitter data indicative of attachment to the live free-ranging animal. Raw Argos data are included (if available) for up to 6 months beyond that date to preserve any information after the shed/dead event (i.e., 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC').

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: undetermined
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was no assessment of mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Data users will have to make their own assessments.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_End_Type
Attribute_Definition:

A deduced reason for the satellite transmitter (PTT) deployment termination.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: acute temperature drop
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

For exterior satellite transmitter attachments; a distinct drop in the transmitter's temperature sensor data suggesting the animal's body temperature is no longer contributing to elevating temperature above ambient conditions (unreliable in warm climates). For externally attached transmitters, this classification implies either animal mortality or detachment in a relatively cool or cold environment where a distinct temperature drop can be realized between the warmer than ambient temperatures that typically recorded from live animals because their body heat is partially conducted into the transmitter.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: implant temperature drop
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

For implanted satellite transmitters; a distinct drop in the transmitter's temperature sensor data documenting mortality of warm-blooded animals carrying a transmitter that was implanted in its body cavity. This classification implies animal mortality with high certainty.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: voltage drop
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A drop in voltage sensor data indicative of forthcoming battery exhaustion. This classification implies normal satellite transmitter failure while the animal remained alive.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: activity flatlines
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Activity sensor value remained near constant for an extended period of time. This classification implies animal mortality or satellite transmitter detachment.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: becomes stationary
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

PTT locations cease to show movements beyond that which might be expected due to plausible behaviors.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: data acquisitions stop
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Data collection stopped without evidence of battery failure, mortality, or satellite transmitter detachment. Owing to the absence of any evidence to the contrary, this classification defaults to the assumption that the animal was alive at the time data collections stopped.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: tag failed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Satellite transmitter failed to work correctly.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: known mortality
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A carcass was observed or reported (e.g., harvested).
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No deployment end type information provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_Start_Latitude
Attribute_Definition:

The latitude of the deployment site where the animal was released.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 61.160
Range_Domain_Maximum: 71.273
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_Start_Longitude
Attribute_Definition:

The longitude of the deployment site where the animal was released.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -165.614
Range_Domain_Maximum: 150.313
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Deployment_Start_Locale
Attribute_Definition:

The name of the deployment site where the animal fitted with the satellite transmitter (PTT) was released, for example a field station or colony.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Colville Delta
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Name used for capture site in Alaska.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Peard Bay
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Name used for capture site in Alaska.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Big Slough
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Name used for capture site in Alaska.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: North Slope Alaska
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Name used for capture site in Alaska.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Name used for capture site in Alaska.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Arctic Russia
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Name used for capture site in northeastern Russia.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NGIA GeoNames

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_BandID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique field identification code, used to mark individual birds in the field. Such as a coded plastic neck collar, tarsal flag, or the final 5 digits of the metal leg band issued by the USGS Bird Banding Lab.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique field identifier

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No marker information provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_Sex
Attribute_Definition:

The sex of the animal determined by size and plumage characteristics in the field.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_LifeStage
Attribute_Definition:

The age class or life stage of the animal at the start of the deployment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: HY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Hatch Year. A bird known to have hatched during the year of satellite transmitter deployment.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: AHY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

After Hatch Year. A bird known to have hatched before the year of satellite transmitter deployment; year of hatch otherwise unknown.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_ReproCondition
Attribute_Definition:

The reproductive condition of the animal at the start of the satellite transmitter deployment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: laying eggs
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female with incomplete clutch nest when captured.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: incubating eggs
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female on nest with complete clutch nest when captured.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: with brood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female with ducklings when captured.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: paired
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult known to be with mate when captured.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: single
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult known to not be with mate when captured.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: non-breeding
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Animal known to not be breeding during when captured.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Animal breeding condition not known.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Animal breeding condition not recorded in the field.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_Mass
Attribute_Definition:

The mass of the animal at the time of the satellite transmitter attachment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 894
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1939
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mass not recorded in the field.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_MortalityType
Attribute_Definition:

If deployment ended because of animal mortality; the cause of mortality if known or confidently suspected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mortality type not determined.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_Manufacturer
Attribute_Definition:

The company or person that produced the satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Microwave Telemetry Inc.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Microwave Telemetry, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_Model
Attribute_Definition:

The manufacturer's model number of the satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: PTT-100
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Microwave Telemetry model: "Battery Powered PTT-100".
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Microwave Telemetry, Inc.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_Mass
Attribute_Definition: The mass of the satellite transmitter (PTT).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 36
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The mass of the transmitter in grams.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 44
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The mass of the transmitter in grams.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_Attachment
Attribute_Definition:

The method used to attach the satellite transmitter (PTT) to the animal.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: implant
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: PTT was surgically implanted in the bird's abdominal cavity.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_PowerOutput
Attribute_Definition:

The amount of power dedicated by the satellite transmitter (PTT) to each transmission.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 200
Range_Domain_Maximum: 200
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milliwatt (mW)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Power output not provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_PowerSource
Attribute_Definition:

Indicates whether the satellite transmitter (PTT) was powered by Li batteries or solar rechargeable Li batteries.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Battery
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Satellite transmitter (PTT) was powered by Li batteries.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_RepetitionPeriod
Attribute_Definition: Nominal interval between PTT transmissions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 60
Range_Domain_Maximum: 60
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: seconds

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_DutyCycle
Attribute_Definition:

Remarks describing the satellite transmitter (PTT) schedule and duration of transmission and non-transmission periods.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: PTT transmission schedule.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_ReadoutMethod
Attribute_Definition:

The method by which the data are received from the satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Argos System
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data received by Argos
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_LocationAlgorithm
Attribute_Definition:

The method by which Argos calculated location of the satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Least Squares
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Least squares regression fit of a Doppler curve obtained from the perceived (shifted) frequencies of transmissions obtained as the satellite flew over the satellite transmitter (i.e., approaching, then retreating).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos_diag_filteredLocations
Entity_Type_Definition:

This table contains all records from the raw Argos DIAG tabular data included with this package, except that records with missing locations have been removed. Additionally, three variables were added after processing with the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) algorithm (Douglas et al 2012). The three variables are: 1 & 2) 'Latitude' & 'Longitude', the algorithm's choice between the primary and alternate latitudes and longitudes (Argos Solution 1 and Solution 2) based on minimizing the animal's cumulative distance moved, and 3) 'Location_DAF_Filter', a binary flag indicating whether the location is plausible (=0)or implausible (=1). For records dated after the 'Deployment_End_Timestamp' (i.e., locations after an animal has died or a transmitter has been shed), location coordinates are presented in the 'Lat_ShedDead' and 'Lon_ShedDead' columns and no values are provided for 'Latitude' and 'Longitude'. All data are presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Data_Release_DOI
Attribute_Definition:

Unique 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI) that provides a permanent link to this data package and its metadata.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10.5066/P9B091HG
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The DOI that links uniquely to this data package.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Data_Release_Version
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: v01
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Version 1.0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Previous_Data_Release
Attribute_Definition:

Some processed data from PTTs deployed 1993-1996 have been previously released on MoveBank and remain publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5441/001/1.kq7t609j See version history file included with this data package for additional details.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Data in this record have been previously released on MoveBank (doi:10.5441/001/1.kq7t609j)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data in this record have not been previously released.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_ID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). A concatenation of a four letter species code, capture year, and band_ID.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_Species
Attribute_Definition:

Scientific name of the species of animal tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Somateria fischeri
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Scientific name for Spectacled Eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_Timestamp_UTC
Attribute_Definition:

The UTC timestamp (date and time) of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1993/06/04 00:15:23
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2012/07/20 13:21:16
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYY/MM/DD HH:mm:ss (UTC)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:

The latitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate. Chosen by the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) from the primary and alternate latitudes ('Location_Lat_Solution_1' vs 'Location_Lat_Solution_2'). See the Douglas Argos Filter process step.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 16.595
Range_Domain_Maximum: 81.407
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A 'Blank Cell' indicates a satellite transmitter (PTT) was no longer deployed on a live free-ranging animal (i.e., 'Tracking_Status' is 'shed', 'dead', or 'shed/dead'). Note that when this occurs, the latitude of the location estimate is recorded in the 'Lat_ShedDead' variable.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:

The longitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate. Chosen by the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) from the primary and alternate longitudes ('Location_Lon_Solution_1' vs 'Location_Lon_Solution_2'). See the Douglas Argos Filter process step.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.999
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.994
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A 'Blank Cell' indicates a satellite transmitter (PTT) was no longer deployed on a live free-ranging animal (i.e., 'Tracking_Status' is 'shed', 'dead', or 'shed/dead'). Note that when this occurs, the longitude of the location estimate is recorded in the 'Lon_ShedDead' variable.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_DAF_Filter
Attribute_Definition:

Result of the Douglas Argos filter (DAF) algorithm plausibility check. The binary variable indicates a plausible (=0) or implausible (=1) satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate based on user-defined thresholds pertaining to distance, movement rate, and turn angle. See the Douglas Argos Filter process step.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Implausible location estimate
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Plausible location estimate
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_Class
Attribute_Definition:

Index of the accuracy of the location estimate; in decreasing order: 3,2,1,0,A,B,Z

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 1-sigma location error <250 meters.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 1-sigma location error between 250 meters and 500 meters.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 1-sigma location error between 500 meters and 1500 meters.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 1-sigma location error >1500 meters
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No accuracy estimation; 3 messages received per satellite pass.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: B
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

No accuracy estimation; 1 or 2 messages received per satellite pass.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Z
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No accuracy estimation; invalid location.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_NOPC
Attribute_Definition:

Number of Plausibility Checks that gave a positive result. Plausibility checks are conducted by Argos when the satellite transmitter location is estimated and are used by the algorithm when classifying the location accuracy in the Location_Class attribute.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_ErrorRadius
Attribute_Definition:

Estimated error radius of the satellite transmitter's location estimate, derived from the error-ellipse. The error-ellipse defines a region within which the transmitter’s true location would have a 63.3% probability of occurrence (drawn from a bivariate normal distribution to lie within its "square-root-of-two-sigma ellipse"). Error radius is calculated as: SQRT(Semimajor_Axis x Semiminor_Axis). Not available for data before July 2009. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 262880
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_ErrorSemimajor
Attribute_Definition:

Half the length of the longest axis of the estimated error-ellipse of the satellite transmitter location. Not available for data before July 2009. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 996953
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_ErrorSemiminor
Attribute_Definition:

Half the length of the shortest axis of the estimated error-ellipse of the satellite transmitter location. Not available for data before July 2009. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22596
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_ErrorOrientation
Attribute_Definition:

Geographic orientation of the major axis of the estimated error-ellipse of the satellite transmitter location. Not available for data before July 2009.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 357
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_ErrorGDOP
Attribute_Definition:

Geometric Dilution of Precision. A measure of the effect of the geometry of the satellite transmitter's configuration on the accuracy of the location estimate. The actual location accuracy depends on both the GDOP value and the quality of the transmitter’s frequency stability. Generally, a smaller GDOP value yields a more accurate position. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 743537
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters/Hertz

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_IndexQuality
Attribute_Definition:

A "Quality Indicator" from Argos. A composite of two single digits, each of which denotes a categorical variable describing parameters that Argos considers when assigning the Location_Class to the location estimate. The parameters describe long-, mid-, and short-term frequency shifts in the received transmissions. The first digit indicates the residual error on the frequency calculation. The second digit indicates transmitter oscillator frequency drift between two satellite overpasses. Single digit values imply a zero for the first digit.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 68
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: coded index

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_LI_Index
Attribute_Definition:

A legacy variant of the 'Location_IndexQuality' attribute used from July 1989 to mid-June 1993 (when IndexQuality, IQ, was introduced).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: coded index

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_QQ_Index
Attribute_Definition:

A legacy variant of the 'Location_IndexQuality' attribute used from February 1988 to June 1989.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_AssumedAltitude
Attribute_Definition:

Assumed altitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT). Used for estimating the location.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.741
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilometers

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_Lat_Solution_1
Attribute_Definition:

The latitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 1).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 16.595
Range_Domain_Maximum: 89.951
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_Lon_Solution_1
Attribute_Definition:

The longitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 1).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.999
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.994
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_Lat_Solution_2
Attribute_Definition:

The latitude of the alternate satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 2).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -20.574
Range_Domain_Maximum: 89.994
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Location_Lon_Solution_2
Attribute_Definition:

The longitude of the alternate satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 2).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.999
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.997
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_ID
Attribute_Definition:

PTT (Platform Transmitter Terminal) ID number from Argos to uniquely identify a satellite transmitter during deployment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique numeric identifier of the satellite transmitter.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_Program
Attribute_Definition: Argos Program identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique 3-5 digit identifier of the particular Argos programs used.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Tracking_Status
Attribute_Definition:

Deduced status of the animal and satellite transmitter (PTT) at the time of the respective data record. Determined by assessment of sensor (if available) and movement data. For example, activity sensor values that remain constant, temperature sensor values that emulate ambient conditions, and/or lack of expected movement.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: alive
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was no evidence or knowledge that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: shed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded only if the animal was later re-observed alive without an attached satellite transmitter.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: shed/dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was evidence that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed, but distinction was ambiguous.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: undetermined
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was no assessment of mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Data users will have to make their own assessments.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lat_ShedDead
Attribute_Definition:

The latitude of a satellite transmitter (PTT) that is no longer deployed on a live free-ranging animal (i.e., 'Tracking_Status' is 'shed', 'dead', or 'shed/dead'). Chosen by the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) from the primary and alternate latitudes ('Location_Lat_Solution_1' vs 'Location_Lat_Solution_2').

Attribute_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 59.933
Range_Domain_Maximum: 74.457
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The satellite transmitter (PTT) is deployed on a live free-ranging animal (i.e., 'Tracking_Status' is 'alive'). The latitude of the location estimate can be found in the 'Latitude' column.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lon_ShedDead
Attribute_Definition:

The longitude of a satellite transmitter (PTT) that is no longer deployed on a live free-ranging animal (i.e., 'Tracking_Status' is 'shed', 'dead', or 'shed/dead'). Chosen by the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) from the primary and alternate longitudes ('Location_Lon_Solution_1' vs 'Location_Lon_Solution_2').

Attribute_Definition_Source: Douglas et al 2012
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.254
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.414
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The satellite transmitter (PTT) is deployed on a live free-ranging animal (i.e., 'Tracking_Status' is 'alive'). The longitude of the location estimate can be found in the 'Longitude' column.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_Satellite_ID
Attribute_Definition:

The satellite identifier (A2, MA, MB, MC, NF, NH, ND, NJ, NK, NL, NM, NN, NP, SR).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Japanese satellite: ADEOS-II
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MetOp satellite: METOP-A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MB
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MetOp satellite: METOP-B
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MC
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MetOp satellite: METOP-C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-9
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NH
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-11
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: ND
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-12
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NJ
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-14
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NK
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-15
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-16
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-17
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NN
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-18
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-19
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: ISRO CNES satellite: SARAL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_Messages_N
Attribute_Definition:

The number of messages from the transmitter (PTT) received by the respective satellite during its overpass.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 15
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_Messages_gt120dB
Attribute_Definition:

The number of messages from the transmitter (PTT) received by the respective satellite during its overpass with a signal strength (at the satellite) greater than -120 decibels.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_Messages_BestLeveldB
Attribute_Definition:

Strength (at the satellite) of the strongest transmission from the transmitter (PTT) collected during the respective satellite’s overpass.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -137
Range_Domain_Maximum: -109
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decibels

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_Duration
Attribute_Definition:

Time elapsed between the first and last message from the transmitter (PTT) received by the respective satellite during its overpass. A value of zero implies only one message was received during the overpass.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2746
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: seconds

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_EstimatedFrequency
Attribute_Definition:

Estimate of the satellite transmitter's true transmission (oscillator) frequency that strives to account for long-term frequency drift during the course of the transmitter’s deployment that is apparent to the Argos System.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Argos Manuals
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 401645630.6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 401750000.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Hertz

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos_decodedSensor
Entity_Type_Definition:

This file contains all decoded sensor data derived from the raw Argos DS data included with this package. When available, each record contains up to three decoded variables (temperature, voltage, and activity) as well as identifying attributes of the satellite transmitter (PTT) and animal. To minimize decoding diagnostic messages that were embedded into every 4th transmission from the Microwave Telemetry PTTs used in this study, decoded values were calculated from raw data and written to this file only if raw sensor values were not indicative of a diagnostic message. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Data_Release_DOI
Attribute_Definition:

Unique 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI) that provides a permanent link to this data package and its metadata.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10.5066/P9B091HG
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The DOI that links uniquely to this data package.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Data_Release_Version
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: v01
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Version 1.0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Previous_Data_Release
Attribute_Definition:

Some processed data from PTTs deployed 1993-1996 have been previously released on MoveBank and remain publicly available there at https://doi.org/10.5441/001/1.kq7t609j See version history file included with this data package for additional details.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Data in this record have been previously released on MoveBank (doi:10.5441/001/1.kq7t609j)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data in this record have not been previously released.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_ID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). A concatenation of a four letter species code, capture year, and band_ID.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Animal_Species
Attribute_Definition:

Scientific name of the species of animal tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Somateria fischeri
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Scientific name for Spectacled Eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Tracking_Status
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: alive
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was no evidence or knowledge that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: shed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded only if the animal was later re-observed alive without an attached satellite transmitter.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: shed/dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was evidence that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed, but distinction was ambiguous.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: undetermined
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coded if there was no assessment of mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Data users will have to make their own assessments.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_ID
Attribute_Definition:

PTT (Platform Transmitter Terminal) ID number from Argos to uniquely identify a satellite transmitter during deployment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique numeric identifier of the satellite transmitter.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PTT_Program
Attribute_Definition: Argos Program identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique 3-5 digit identifier of the particular Argos programs used.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pass_Satellite_ID
Attribute_Definition:

The satellite identifier (2, A, B, C, F, H, D, J, K, L, M, N, P, R).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Japanese satellite: ADEOS-II
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MetOp satellite: METOP-A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: B
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MetOp satellite: METOP-B
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MetOp satellite: METOP-C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-9
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: H
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-11
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-12
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: J
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-14
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: K
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-15
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: L
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-16
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-17
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: N
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-18
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: P
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA satellite: NOAA-19
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: R
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: ISRO CNES satellite: SARAL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sensor_Timestamp_UTC
Attribute_Definition:

The timestamp (date and time) of each message from each satellite transmitter (PTT), corresponding to the time when the temperature, voltage, and activity sensors were interrogated.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Provided by Argos
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1993/05/18 02:01:39
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2012/08/10 06:17:32
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sensor_Temperature_C
Attribute_Definition:

The internal temperature of the satellite transmitter (PTT) measured just prior to transmission.

Attribute_Definition_Source: MTI Battery PTT-100 Manual
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -19.66
Range_Domain_Maximum: 63.35
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sensor_Voltage
Attribute_Definition:

The battery voltage of the satellite transmitter (PTT) just prior to signal transmission.

Attribute_Definition_Source: MTI Battery PTT-100 Manual
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.978
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.024
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Volts

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sensor_Activity
Attribute_Definition:

If collected, activity assessed by a revolving counter that increments with changes in satellite transmitter (PTT) orientation. The value itself does not have meaning, rather, it is the change in value (or lack thereof) that indicates animal (transmitter) movement (or not).

Attribute_Definition_Source: MTI Battery PTT-100 Manual
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 63
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Blank Cell
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Attribute value not provided for this record.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The processData package includes 3 Comma Separate Value (CSV) formatted tables:

(1) "spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos_diag_filteredLocations.csv" contains one record for every location estimate collected, accompanied by a binary flag that denotes an algorithm's plausibility check. Each record also includes a 'Tracking_Status' variable that denotes whether the location was collected from a live animal, a dead animal, or shed transmitter.

(2) "spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos_decodedSensor.csv" contains decoded sensor data such as a transmitter's temperature, battery voltage, and motion (activity).

(3) "spectacledEider_USGS_ASC_argos_deploymentAttributes.csv" contains one record for each transmitter deployment. The deployment attributes table contains information such as when the transmitter was attached to the animal, when tracking of a live animal ended, and variables describing the animal and transmitter.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Author defined

Argos Satellite Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) - Processed Data

Metadata: