Waterfowl Lead Exposure Data in Alaska and Russia

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Flint, Paul L. (ORCID: 0000-0002-8758-6993)
Originator: Petersen, Margaret R. (ORCID: 0000-0001-6082-3189)
Publication_Date: 20230417
Title: Waterfowl Lead Exposure Data in Alaska and Russia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R. 2023, Waterfowl lead exposure data in Alaska and Russia: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7B27SDZ

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7B27SDZ
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 1993
Title: Population Ecology of Waterfowl and Loons
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 366

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=366

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset identifies lead (Pb) concentration found in the blood of waterfowl sampled in western and northern Alaska and eastern Russia between 1993 and 2022. Data include age, sex, body measurement, capture location, presence or absence of lead shot on x-rays, and blood lead levels. Because the study took place over a number of years at the same study sites, many of the same birds were sampled in multiple years.

Purpose:

Birds were captured during spring, the breeding season, and the post-breeding season to determine changes and variability in lead contamination throughout the period birds were on land. These data have been used in a wide variety of scientific studies (see citation in the Cross-Reference Section of this metadata record) that are also useful for effective management decisions.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1993
Ending_Date: 2022

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Samples were collected from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta; Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska; and the Indigirka River Delta, East Siberian Sea coast of Russia

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: 150.526
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -147.558
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.433
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.260

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC54

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Birds
Theme_Keyword: Ducks/Geese/Swans
Theme_Keyword: Species Life History

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Population Dynamics
Theme_Keyword: Environmental Conditions
Theme_Keyword: Lead

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wetland ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Freshwater ecosystems

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Spectacled eider
Theme_Keyword: Somateria fischeri
Theme_Keyword: Common eider
Theme_Keyword: Somateria mollissima
Theme_Keyword: King eider
Theme_Keyword: Somateria spectabilis
Theme_Keyword: Steller's eider
Theme_Keyword: Polysticta stelleri
Theme_Keyword: Long-tailed duck
Theme_Keyword: Clangula hyemalis
Theme_Keyword: Greater scaup
Theme_Keyword: Aythya marila

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Kashunuk River
Place_Keyword: Yukon Delta
Place_Keyword: Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
Place_Keyword: Colville River Delta
Place_Keyword: Prudhoe Bay

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: NGIA GeoNames System Geographic Keywords Thesaurus
Place_Keyword: Russia
Place_Keyword: Indigirka River

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: Birds

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved March 31, 2023, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance of plumage, behavior, and vocalization.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No vouchers were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anseriformes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anatidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aythya
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aythya marila
Applicable_Common_Name: Greater Scaup
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175130

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Clangula
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Clangula hyemalis
Applicable_Common_Name: Long-tailed Duck
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175147

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Polysticta
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Polysticta stelleri
Applicable_Common_Name: Steller's Eider
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175153

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Somateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Somateria mollissima
Applicable_Common_Name: Common Eider
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175155

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Somateria fischeri
Applicable_Common_Name: Spectacled Eider
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175161

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Somateria spectabilis
Applicable_Common_Name: King Eider
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 175160

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

Blood lead analyses were conducted at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (1993-1999) and the Washington State University - Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (2022)

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Grand, J.B.
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:

Exposure of Spectacled Eiders and Other Diving Ducks to Lead in Western Alaska

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Zoology
Issue_Identification: 75(3):439-443

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Other_Citation_Details:

Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., Grand, J.B., 1997. Exposure of Spectacled Eiders and other diving ducks to lead in western Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(3):439-443 doi:10.1139/z97-054

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1139/z97-054

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Grand, J.B.
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:

Survival of Spectacled Eider Adult Females and Ducklings during Brood Rearing

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: 61(1):217-221

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Flint, P.L., Grand, J.B., 1997. Survival of Spectacled Eider adult females and ducklings during brood rearing. Journal of Wildlife Management 61(1):217-221 doi:/10.2307/3802430

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3802430

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Flint, P.L.
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:

Productivity of Nesting Spectacled Eiders on the Lower Kashunuk River, Alaska

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Condor
Issue_Identification: 99(4):926-932

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford Academic

Other_Citation_Details:

Grand, J.B., Flint, P.L., 1997. Productivity of nesting spectacled eiders on the lower Kashunuk River, Alaska. Condor 99(4):926-932 doi:10.2307/1370143

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/1370143

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pearce, J.M.
Originator: Esler, D.
Originator: Degtyarev, A.G.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:

Nesting Ecology Of Spectacled Eiders Somateria Fischeri on the Indigirka River Delta, Russia

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Wildfowl
Issue_Identification: 49:110-123

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust

Other_Citation_Details:

Pearce, J.M., Esler, D., Degtyarev, A.G., 1998. Nesting ecology Of Spectacled Eiders Somateria Fischeri on the Indigirka River Delta, Russia. Wildfowl 49:110-123

Online_Linkage:

https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1043

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Franson, J.C.
Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Creekmore, L.C.
Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Smith, M.R.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:

Blood Lead Concentrations of Spectacled Eiders Near the Kashunuk River, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecotoxicology
Issue_Identification: 7:175-181

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Springer Nature

Other_Citation_Details:

Franson, J.C., Petersen, M.R., Creekmore, L.C., Flint, P.L., Smith, M.R., 1998. Blood lead concentrations of Spectacled Eiders near the Kashunuk River, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Ecotoxicology 7:175-181 doi:10.1023/A:1014308411665

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014308411665

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Moran, C.L.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: Effect of Lead Poisoning on Spectacled Eider Survival Rates
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: 62(3):1103-1109

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Grand, J.B., Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., Moran, C.L., 1998. Effect of lead poisoning on Spectacled Eider survival rates. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(3):1103-1109 doi:10.2307/3802564

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/3802564

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Morse, J.A.
Originator: Fondell, T.F.
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:

Late Summer Survival of Adult Female and Juvenile Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Waterbirds
Issue_Identification: 23(2):292-297

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Waterbird Society

Other_Citation_Details:

Flint, P.L., Grand, J.B., Morse, J.A., Fondell, T.F., 2000. Late summer survival of adult female and juvenile spectacled eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Waterbirds 23(2):292-297

Online_Linkage: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4641151

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Franson, J.C.
Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:

Concentrations of Trace Elements in Eggs and Blood of Spectacled and Common Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Issue_Identification: 21(8):1673-1678

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Grand, J.B., Franson, J.C., Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., 2002. Concentrations of trace elements in eggs and blood of Spectacled and Common Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21(8):1673-1678 doi:10.1002/etc.5620210819

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210819

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Flint, P.L.
Originator: Grand, J.B.
Originator: Petersen, M.R.
Originator: Rockwell, R.F.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:

Effects of Lead Exposure, Environmental Conditions, and Metapopulation Processes on Population Dynamics of Spectacled Eiders

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: North American Fauna
Issue_Identification: 81(1):1-41

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Other_Citation_Details:

Flint, P.L., Grand, J.B., Petersen, M.R., Rockwell, R.F., 2016. Effects of lead exposure, environmental conditions, and metapopulation processes on population dynamics of Spectacled Eiders. North American Fauna 81(1):1-41 doi:10.3996/nafa.81.0001

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3996/nafa.81.0001

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Flint, P.L.
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:

Status of Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska 2022 - Testing and Updating Predictive Models

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2023-1052

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Flint, P.L., 2023. Status of Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska 2022 - testing and updating predictive models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023-1052, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231052

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231052

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attribute values were cross-checked and verified with field worksheets.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Attribute values fall within expected ranges and data were proofed for the presence of duplication and omission.

Completeness_Report: No data were omitted and there are no missing data.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Sampling locations were collected using hand-held GPS (approximately 3-meter accuracy).

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Capture times and techniques are as follows: Spring: birds of both sexes captured using mist nets and decoys (Dau 1976). Early incubation: females were captured on nests using mist nets or bow traps (Sayler 1962). Late incubation (hatch): females were captured on nests using mist nets or bow traps. Brood rearing: adult females and ducklings were captured using mist nets.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

At initial capture all birds were marked using stainless steel USGS leg bands following USGS Bird Banding Laboratory protocols. We attempted to obtain blood samples from all adult birds captured, and sampled ducklings at 30 days after hatch. Birds were bled by jugular or brachial venipuncture using a 5-cc syringe, and 2 cc of blood were immediately transferred to sodium heparinized Vacutainers (TM) and frozen. Samples remained frozen or chilled until their arrival at the laboratory for analysis.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

For adults, sex determination was based on plumage. Juveniles and sub-adults were sexed by cloacal examination.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

To assess ingested shot as a potential source of lead, we used a portable X-ray device mounted in a skiff to examine a subsample of captured birds (i.e., those captured within 2 km of the skiff). X-ray images were then screened visually to determine numbers of shot ingested.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: DeStefano, S.
Originator: Brand, C.J.
Originator: Rusch, D.H.
Originator: Finley, D.L.
Originator: Gillespie, M.M.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title: Lead Exposure in Canada Geese of the Eastern Prairie Population
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Wildlife Society Bulletin
Issue_Identification: 19(1):23-32

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

DeStefano, S., Brand, C.J., Rusch, D.H., Finley, D.L., Gillespie, M.M., 1991. Lead exposure in Canada Geese of the eastern prairie population. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19(1):23-32

Online_Linkage: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782411

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1991

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DeStefano et al 1991
Source_Contribution: Describes blood lead level testing technique

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Friend, M.
Publication_Date: 1985
Title:

Interpretation of Criteria Commonly used to Determine Lead Poisoning Problem Areas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Report
Issue_Identification: PB-86-139532/XAB

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Other_Citation_Details:

Friend, M., 1985. Interpretation of criteria commonly used to determine lead poisoning problem areas. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Report PB-86-139532/XAB

Unpublished report archived by the Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS) https://www.arlis.org [reference code: ILS:234624]

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1985

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Friend 1985
Source_Contribution: Describes blood lead level exposure criteria

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Havera, S.P.
Originator: Whitton, R.M.
Originator: Shealy, R.T.
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:

Blood Lead and Ingested and Embedded Shot in Diving Ducks During Spring

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: 56(3):539-545

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Havera, S.P., Whitton, R.M., Shealy, R.T., 1992. Blood lead and ingested and embedded shot in diving ducks during spring. Journal of Wildlife Management 56(3):539-545 doi:10.2307/3808870

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/3808870

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1992

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Havera et al. 1992
Source_Contribution: Describes blood lead level exposure criteria

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Hohman, W.L.
Originator: Moore, J.L.
Originator: Franson, J.C.
Publication_Date: 1995
Title: Winter Survival of Immature Canvasbacks in Inland Louisiana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: 59(2):384-392

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Hohman, W.L., Moore, J.L., Franson, J.C., 1995. Winter survival of immature Canvasbacks in inland Louisiana. Journal of Wildlife Management 59(2):384-392 doi:10.2307/3808952

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/3808952

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1995

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hohman et al. 1995
Source_Contribution: Describes blood lead level exposure criteria

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dau, C.P.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title: Capturing and Marking Spectacled Eiders in Alaska
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Bird-Banding
Issue_Identification: 76(3):273

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Dau, C.P., 1976. Capturing and marking spectacled eiders in Alaska. Bird-Banding 76(3):273 doi:10.2307/4512241

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/4512241

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1976

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Dau 1976
Source_Contribution: Describes field capture techniques

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Sayler, J.W.
Publication_Date: 1962
Title: A Bow-Net for Ducks
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: 26(2):219-221

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Sayler, J.W., 1962. A bow-net for ducks. Journal of Wildlife Management 26(2):219-221 doi:10.2307/3798610

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/3798610

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1962

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sayler 1962
Source_Contribution: Describes field capture techniques

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dzubin, A.
Originator: Cooch, E.G.
Publication_Date: 1992
Title: Measurements of Geese: General Field Methods
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Sacramento, California
Publisher: California Waterfowl Association

Other_Citation_Details:

Dzubin, A., Cooch, E.G., 1992. Measurements of geese: general field methods. – California Waterfowl Association, Sacramento, CA, USA

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1992

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Source_Contribution: Describes field measurements

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

For samples collected between 1993-1999, blood lead level concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (DeStefano et al. 1991) at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin. Blood lead concentrations 20.2 mg/mL (ppm) were considered evidence of exposure to lead above normal background levels (Friend 1985; Havera et al. 1992; Hohman et al. 1995).

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

For samples collected in 2022, blood lead level concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS; capable of detecting elements at milligram to nanogram levels per liter) at the Washington State University - Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (WADDL).

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

Location IDs are general study areas, they do not describe specific geographic coordinates.

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: waterfowl_leadExposure_alaskaRussia_petersen_1993-1999.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table with capture data, body measurements, lead exposure diagnostics, and blood level measurements from waterfowl captured in western and northern Alaska, and eastern Russia. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: band_id
Attribute_Definition:

Unique field identification code, used to mark individual birds in the field. The final 5 digits of the metal leg band issued by the USGS Bird Banding Lab. Blank cells indicate that the captured bird was not banded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique field identifier

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: accession_no
Attribute_Definition:

Accession number assigned to each sample by USGS, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI. A repeated unique number in the column refers to the batch number; a unique number refers to the sample vial number. Blank cells indicate that an accession number was not assigned to a sample.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS National Wildlife Research Center, Madison, WI.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique number assigned by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: species
Attribute_Definition: Common name of the bird species sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Spectacled eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Somateria fischeri
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Common eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Somateria mollissima
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: King eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Somateria spectabilis
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Steller's eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Polysticta stelleri
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Long-tailed duck
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Clangula hyemalis
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Greater scaup
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Aythya marila
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: alpha
Attribute_Definition: Four letter alpha code, abbreviation of avian species name.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: spei
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Spectacled eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: coei
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Common eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: kiei
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: King eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: stei
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Steller's eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: ltdu
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Long-tailed duck
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: grsc
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Greater scaup
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: sex
Attribute_Definition:

Sex of the sampled duck as determined by cloacal exam and plumage characteristics.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: unk
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: sex unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: age
Attribute_Definition:

Age class of sampled bird determined by plumage coloration, pattern, or feather wear of specific feather tracks.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: ahy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: After hatch year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: asy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: After second year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: sy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Second year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: hy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hatch year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: loc
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Local. A young bird incapable of sustained flight. After a young bird achieves sustained flight it becomes an "HY"

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: unk
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown age
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: status
Attribute_Definition:

Breeding status of bird or nest condition when the bird was captured.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: brood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A group of young (ducklings; locals) before they can fly, usually with an adult female.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: failed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Failed breeding (did not nest, lost clutch, and/or lost brood).
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: duckling
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bird younger than 30 days or pre-fledging.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: hatch
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

One or more eggs hatched by capture date of the hen or eggs within 5 days of hatching.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Adult female captured on her nest with eggs more than 5 days to hatching.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: spring
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Adult female captured before she begins incubation, or male on the breeding grounds (usually before July) and not flightless (remigial molt).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:

Field camp location code where the bird was captured or the general area if no field camp present. In some manuscripts, the Tutakoke River sites and Big Slough study areas are grouped together as a single site, as are the Opyagyarak and Aphrewn river study areas.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Aknerkochik River study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (approximately 61.12 N, 165.07 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Aphrewn River study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 61.17 N, 165.38 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Hock Slough (Kashunuk River) study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 61.33 N, 165.58 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Kigigak Island study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 60.83 N, 164.98 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Manokinak River study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 61.18 N, 165.08 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Naskonat Peninsula study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 60.98 N, 165.05 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Opyagyarak River study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 61.13 N, 165.42 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South Tutakoke River (Big Slough) study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 61.19 N, 165.62 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Tutakoke River study area, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (approximately 61.23 N, 165.62 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Yukon Delta, coastal region between the Askinuk Mountains and Nelson Island Alaska.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Author defined and USFWS Yukon Delta Nesting Waterfowl Survey area

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Indigirka River Delta study area, Russia (approximately 71.27 N, 150.32 E)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 12
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Colville River Delta study area, Beaufort Sea Coast, Alaska (approximately 70.37 N, 150.86 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 13
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Prudhoe Bay study area, oil fields, Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska (approximately 70.30 N, 148.43 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: date
Attribute_Definition:

Date blood sample taken. Blank cells indicate that the sampling date was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1993-05-13
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1999-08-07
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: pb
Attribute_Definition:

Blood lead (Pb) level concentration in ug Pb/ml (ppm). Lead levels in blood were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (DeStefano et al. 1991) at the National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin. Level <0.01 is less than the detection limit of the test. Blank cells indicate that the bird was not sampled for blood lead analysis.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01
Range_Domain_Maximum: 30.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micrograms per milliliter (ug/ml)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: <0.01
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Level <0.01 (or 0) is less than the detection limit of the test.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: pbcode
Attribute_Definition:

Exposure level code associated with blood lead value: Blood lead concentrations of 0.20 mg/mL (ppm) or greater were considered evidence of exposure to lead above normal background levels (Friend 1985; Havera et al. 1992; Hohman et al. 1995). Blank cells indicate that no blood sample was taken.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Blood lead level <0.20 mm/mL (ppm), 'not exposed'.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Blood lead level ≥ 0.20 mm/mL (ppm), 'exposed'.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: shotpre
Attribute_Definition:

Shot present on x-ray. X-ray taken in the field using portable x-ray machine. Blank cells indicate that no x-ray was taken.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shot present in the x-ray taken of a captured bird.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shot not present in the x-ray taken of a captured bird.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: no_shot
Attribute_Definition:

Number of shot pellets identified on the x-ray. Blank cells indicate that no x-ray taken (thus not counted); '0' signifies no lead seen on the x-ray.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Number of shot pellets

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: xrayno
Attribute_Definition:

Identification number of x-ray. Numeric code with ID number followed by year. (i.e., 45.94: x-ray 45, taken in 1994). Blank cells indicate that no x-ray was taken.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.94
Range_Domain_Maximum: 112.94
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Photo number

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:

Latitude of nest or sample location (where bird was captured). Blank cells indicate that specific capture site was not recorded; see the general sampling location (column: location).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 60.433
Range_Domain_Maximum: 71.260
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:

Longitude of nest or sample location (where bird was captured). Blank cells indicate that specific capture site was not recorded; see the general sampling location (column: location).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -168.630
Range_Domain_Maximum: 150.526
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: easting
Attribute_Definition:

UTM easting coordinate of nest or sample location (where bird was captured). Blank cells indicate that specific capture site was not recorded; see the general sampling location (column: location).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 302500
Range_Domain_Maximum: 513584
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: northing
Attribute_Definition:

UTM northing coordinate of nest or sample location (where bird was captured). Blank cells indicate that specific capture site was not recorded; see the general sampling location (column: location).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 6699780
Range_Domain_Maximum: 7908209
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: UTM zone
Attribute_Definition:

UTM zone of nest or sample location (where bird was captured). Blank cells indicate that specific capture site was not recorded; see the general sampling location (column: location).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3V
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: UTM zone 3V
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6W
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: UTM zone 6W
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 56W
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: UTM zone 56W
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: weight
Attribute_Definition:

Weight of the sampled bird in grams (g). Blank cells indicate that the sampled bird was not weighed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 450
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1850
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: culmen
Attribute_Definition:

Culmen1 length measured in millimeters (mm) following Dzuben and Cooch (1992). Blank cells indicate that no measurement was recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 16.9
Range_Domain_Maximum: 38.9
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ttarsus
Attribute_Definition:

Total tarsus (ttarsus) bone length measured in millimeters (mm) following Dzuben and Cooch 1992. Blank cells indicate that no measurement was recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 28.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 63.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: tbone
Attribute_Definition:

Tarsus bone (tbone) length measured in millimeters (mm) following Dzuben and Cooch 1992. Blank cells indicate that no measurement was recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 45.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 49.47
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: waterfowl_leadExposure_alaska_flint_2022.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table with capture data and blood level measurements from waterfowl captured on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, Alaska in 2022. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Band_ID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique field identification code, used to mark individual birds in the field. The final 5 digits of the metal leg band issued by the USGS Bird Banding Lab.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique field identifier

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NestNo
Attribute_Definition:

Unique field identifier of the nest where the female duck was trapped. Usually, a concatenation of the observers initials and sequential numbering.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique field identifier of nest where female was trapped.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition: Common name of the bird species sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Spectacled eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Somateria fischeri
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Alpha
Attribute_Definition: Four letter alpha code, abbreviation of avian species name.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SPEI
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Spectacled eider
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date_found
Attribute_Definition: Date when nest was first discovered.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2022-06-10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2022-06-19
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude of the nest.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 61.29669
Range_Domain_Maximum: 61.31786
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: Longitude of the nest.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -165.55659
Range_Domain_Maximum: -165.60794
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition:

Age class of the sampled bird determined by plumage coloration, pattern, or feather wear of specific feather tracks.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: AHY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: After hatch year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sex
Attribute_Definition:

Sex of the sampled duck as determined by cloacal exam and plumage characteristics.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lead_conc
Attribute_Definition: Blood lead (Pb) level concentration in parts per million (ppm)
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.020
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per million (ppm)

Waterfowl Lead Exposure Data in Alaska and Russia

Metadata: