Pacific (Gavia pacifica), Yellow-billed (G. adamsii), and Red-throated Loon (G. stellata) Nest Monitoring Data; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, 2011-2014

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Uher-Koch, Brian D. (ORCID: 0000-0002-1885-0260)
Publication_Date: 20180625
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Uher-Koch, B.D., 2018, Pacific (Gavia pacifica), Yellow-billed (G. adamsii), and Red-throated Loon (G. stellata) nest monitoring data; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, 2011-2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1Q0D

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1Q0D
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:

USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems: Measuring and forecasting the response of wildlife populations to changes in ecosystem processes on the Arctic Coastal Plain (Loons and White-fronted Geese)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 287

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=287

Description:

Abstract:

This data set contains information (in two spreadsheets) from the monitoring of nests of Pacific, Yellow-billed and Red-throated loons at two 64 km2 sites in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A) during the summers of 2011-2014. We categorized each nest site by the physical aspects of the lake and proximity to other nesting loons. To determine nest fate (incubating, nest successful, nest failed), nests were revisited and inspected at least once a week. During each nest visit, we estimated embryo development (to predict hatch dates) by floating eggs. Nests were considered successful if one or more chicks hatched.

Purpose:

These data provided the basis for a study to, 1) quantify nest survival of Pacific, Yellow-billed, and Red-throated loons on the Arctic Coastal Plain, and 2) evaluate biotic and abiotic factors influencing nest survival of these species.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 201106
Ending_Date: 201408

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Data were collected at two study areas on the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska approximately 85km and 110km southeast of Barrow, Alaska. Each study area is approximately 8 x 8km in size. Chipp North is centered around 70.686, -155.305, and Chipp South is centered around 70.395, -155.408.

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.52063
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.17060
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.71263
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.36372

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC185

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Birds
Theme_Keyword: Loons
Theme_Keyword: Ecological Dynamics
Theme_Keyword: Species/Population Interaction
Theme_Keyword: Species Life History

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Population studies
Theme_Keyword: Breeding success
Theme_Keyword: Aquatic birds

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Tundra ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Population dynamics

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Loon
Theme_Keyword: Gavia pacifica
Theme_Keyword: Yellow-billed Loon
Theme_Keyword: Gavia adamsii
Theme_Keyword: Red-throated Loon
Theme_Keyword: Gavia stellata
Theme_Keyword: Nest survival

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: North Slope
Place_Keyword: Chipp River

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Birds
Taxonomic_Keywords: Loons

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved March 14, 2023, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance of plumage, behavior, and vocalizations.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gaviiformes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gaviidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gavia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gavia stellata
Applicable_Common_Name: Red-throated Loon
Applicable_Common_Name: Red-throated Diver
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 174474

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gavia pacifica
Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific Loon
Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific Diver
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 174475

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gavia adamsii
Applicable_Common_Name: Yellow-billed Loon
Applicable_Common_Name: White-billed Diver
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 174470

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Uher-Koch, B.D.
Originator: Koch, J.C.
Originator: Wright, K.G.
Originator: Schmutz, J.A.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:

Comparative nest survival of three sympatric loon species breeding in the Arctic

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Avian Biology
Issue_Identification: 49(7):e01671

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Uher-Koch, B.D., Koch, J.C.,Wright, K.G., Schmutz, J.A. 2018. Comparative nest survival of three sympatric loon species breeding in the Arctic. Journal of Avian Biology. 49(7):e01671 doi:10.1111/jav.01671

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01671

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attributes were spot checked and values were sorted to identify possible errors. For example, if data looked like a potential error, original data sheets were checked to confirm and fixed it if it was a data entry error. Additionally peer-review used sort functions in Excel to identify attributes, domains, and domain ranges. These were checked against metadata entries to ensure all levels were accounted for.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Attribute values fall within expected ranges. Some attributes were not calculated for Red-throated Loons and these values are denoted by NA.

Completeness_Report:

No data were omitted and there are no missing data. Some attributes were not calculated for Red-throated Loons and these values are denoted by NA.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Loon nests were found by systematically surveying the perimeter of each lake on foot in the study areas.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Uher-Koch, B.D.
Originator: Schmutz, J.A.
Originator: Wright, K.G.
Publication_Date: 20150128
Title:

Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: The Condor
Issue_Identification: 117: 121-129

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Cooper Ornithological Society

Other_Citation_Details:

Uher-Koch, B.D, J.A. Schmutz, and K.G. Wright. 2015. Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons. The Condor 117:121-129. doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-102.1

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-102.1

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Loon eggs were floated to determine embryo development stage, nest age, and initiation date. This technique uses the orientation of an egg when placed in water as an indicator of age and relies on the decrease in egg density associated with embryo development. Generally, the position of an egg when placed in water progresses from sinking and lying flat early in development, to floating and breaking the water's surface late in development.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Rizzolo, D.J.
Originator: Schmutz, J.A.
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:

Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Waterbirds
Issue_Identification: 30: 207-213

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: on-line
Publisher: The Waterbird Society

Other_Citation_Details:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description: Loon nest habitat was classified based on nesting site.
Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Haynes, T.B.
Originator: Schmutz, J.A.
Originator: Lindberg, M.S.
Originator: Rosenberger, A.E.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:

Risk of predation and weather events affect nest site selection by sympatric Pacific (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed (Gavia adamsii) Loons in Arctic habitats

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Waterbirds
Issue_Identification: 37(sp1):16-25

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: on-line
Publisher: The Waterbird Society

Other_Citation_Details:

Haynes, T.B., J.A. Schmutz, M.S. Lindberg, and A.E. Rosenberger. 2014. Risk of predation and weather events affect nest site selection by sympatric Pacific (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed (Gavia adamsii) Loons in Arctic habitats. Waterbirds 37(sp1):16-25. doi.org/10.1675/063.037.sp104

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.sp104

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Maximum lake areas (for calculating drainage ratio) were estimated based on lake edge bluffs determined from LIDAR imagery. Minimum lake areas were measured in orthophotography of the region collected in mid-summer in 2002.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Koch, J.C.
Originator: Fondell, T.F.
Originator: Laske, S.
Originator: Schmutz, J.A.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title: Nutrient dynamics in partially drained arctic thaw lakes
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Issue_Identification: 123

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: on-line
Publisher: AGU Publications

Other_Citation_Details:

Koch, J.C., Fondell, T.F., Laske, S., and Schmutz, J.A., 2018, Nutrient dynamics in partially drained arctic thaw lakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123:440–452. doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004187

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004187

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2014
Title: National Hydrography Dataset
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:

U.S. Geological Survey, 2007-2014, National Hydrography Dataset available on the World Wide Web. http://nhd.usgs.gov

Online_Linkage: http://nhd.usgs.gov

Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: Unknown
Ending_Date: Unknown

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NHD
Source_Contribution:

Used the AreaSqKm field of the NHDwaterbody layer from the National Hydrology Dataset (NHD) in ArcGIS to derive the lake size covariate.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Koch, J.C.
Originator: Fondell, T.F.
Originator: Laske, S.
Originator: Schmutz, J.A.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title: Nutrient dynamics in partially drained Arctic thaw lakes
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Issue_Identification: 123

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley Online Library

Other_Citation_Details:

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004187

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2018

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Koch et al 2018
Source_Contribution: Used to create the drainage ratio covariate.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

We used Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS v. 10.3.1) to create the nearest neighbor distance covariates. We calculated the distance (m) between a nest and the closest neighboring loon nest of the same species (nearest neighbor distance same) and to any loon nest (nearest neighbor distance any) during the same year.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Drainage ratios were calculated by comparing the maximum and minimum lake areas.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Koch et al 2018
Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

Geospatial location is indirectly identified by Study Site attribute: Chipp River North (70.686, -155.305), or Chipp River South (70.395, -155.408) sites.

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: loon_nestMonitoring_chippR_uherKoch_2011_2014
Entity_Type_Definition:

This table contains nest visit data for Pacific, Yellow-billed, and Red-throated loons. Each row represents a visit to a nest by researchers to determine the status of the nest (incubating, failed, hatching, hatched). Data were collected across four years to quantified loon nest survival and identified the potential influences on loon nest survival rates.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nest_ID_Number
Attribute_Definition:

Every nest in the study areas was given a unique number for individual identification. Each nest identification number is 7 digits long. The first 2 digits represent the year the nest was found (2011=11), the middle 3 digits are letters representing the initials of the researcher that found the nest, and the last 2 digits are a sequential number of nests the researcher found.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique nest identifier

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Visit_Date
Attribute_Definition:

The date that the loon nest was visited by researchers. Date format is dd/mm/yyyy

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 6/16/2011
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8/12/2014

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nest_Status
Attribute_Definition:

The status of the nest on each nest visit (incubating, failed, hatching, hatched)

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Failed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nest failure
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nest successful. At least one egg hatched.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hatching
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: At least one egg in the nest is in the process of hatching
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Incubating
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Eggs are still being incubated by adult loons and nest is still active

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Egg_Development
Attribute_Definition:

Egg flotation category of the egg furthest along in development. This technique uses the orientation of an egg when placed in water as an indicator of age and relies on the decrease in egg density associated with embryo development. Generally, the position of an egg when placed in water progresses from sinking and lying flat early in development, to floating and breaking the water's surface late in development.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Sink flat flotation category. Egg resting horizontally on bottom

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Sink acute 1 flotation category. Large end of egg rising off bottom, and long axis angle <45 degrees

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Sink obtuse flotation category. Large end of egg rising off bottom, long axis angle >45 degrees but <90 degrees

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Sink perpendicular flotation category. Narrow end of egg touching bottom, long axis 90 degrees

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FN
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Float neutral flotation category. Neutrally buoyant egg position, long axis 90 degrees.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Float perpendicular flotation category. Egg nearing surface of water, long axis 90 degrees.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FB
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Float break flotation category. Egg breaking surface of water, long axis 90 degrees.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Float obtuse flotation category. Egg breaking the surface of water, long axis angle >45 degrees but <90 degrees.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Float acute flotation category. Large end breaking surface of water, long axis <45 degrees

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Rizzolo, D.J., and J.A. Schmutz. 2007. Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons. Waterbirds 30:207-213. doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UNV
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unviable. Egg is either addled or infertile.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DNF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Did not float. The development of the eggs were not assessed during the nest visit.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: STAR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Chick has started to hatch out of the egg and there is a small star shaped visible crack on the surface of the shell.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: PIP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Chick has begun hatching out of the egg. A hole is visible in the eggshell typically accompanied by small cracks. The tip of the bill of the chick is often visible through the hole.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: WET
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

At least one egg in the nest is hatching. Chick is either partially or completely out of the egg. The down of the chick is still wet.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DRY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

At least one egg in the nest is fully hatched. One or more fully dry chicks are present.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Egg development was not assessed. This indicates the nest was successful (hatched) or failed

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: loon_nestAttributes_chippR_uherKoch_2011_2014
Entity_Type_Definition:

This table contains nest attributes for Pacific, Yellow-billed, and Red-throated loons. Each row represents a single nest. Several attributes were not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests due to low sample sizes. Data were collected across four years to identify the potential biotic and abiotic influences on loon nest survival rates.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nest_ID_Number
Attribute_Definition:

Every nest in the study areas was given a unique number for individual identification. Each nest identification number is 7 digits long. The first 2 digits represent the year the nest was found (2011-2014), the middle 3 digits are letters representing the initials of the researcher that found the nest, and the last 2 digits are a sequential number of nests the researcher found.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique nest identifier

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition:

The species code for the loon species associated with each nest. Alphabetic ("alpha") codes are abbreviations of English or scientific bird developed by IBP (Institute for Bird Populations). The set of four-letter (for English common names) and six-letter (for scientific names) species alpha codes reflect current American Ornithologists Union (AOU) taxonomy and nomenclature in their check-list (AOU 1998) and subsequent supplements (AOU 2000-2017). These codes are required by USGS, Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for all banding and marking studies http://www.birdpop.org/docs/misc/Alpha_codes_eng.pdf

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: PALO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pacific Loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: YBLO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Yellow-billed Loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: RTLO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Red-throated Loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Study_Site
Attribute_Definition:

A field to differentiate between the two study sites (Chipp North and Chipp South)

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: North
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chipp North Study Site
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: South
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chipp South Study Site
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nest_Site
Attribute_Definition:

The physical site used by adult loons for nesting, following Haynes et al 2014

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Channel
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Nest built on shoreline or island in small, moving bodies of water usually adjacent to the loon's actual territory on a nearby lake

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Vegetation mat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Nest site classified as an island constructed by the adult loons from emergent vegetation, peat, and mud

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Island
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Nest on exposed land completely surrounded by water and at least 2 m from shore

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Peninsula
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Nest on shoreline 4m or less in width that projected from the main shorelined at least 3m

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Shore
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Nest on mainland shoreline. All nests that do not fall into peninsula, vegetation mat, channel, or island categories are considered shore nests

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lake_Size
Attribute_Definition:

Surface area of the lake used by nesting loons (sqkm). This was calculated using the National Hydrography Dataset (http://nhd.usgs.gov) in ArcGIS. Lake size was not calculated for lakes with Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the Lake_Size column.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.001
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.139
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square kilometers

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Lake size was not calculated for lakes with Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the Lake_Size column

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NND_same
Attribute_Definition:

Nearest nest distance (same). This is the distance (m) between a nest and the closest neighboring loon nest of the same species during the same year. This was calculated using the GPS position of nests. This covariate was not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the NND_same column.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 128.45
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5235.43
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This attribute was not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the NND_same column.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NND_any
Attribute_Definition:

Nearest neighbor distance (any). This is the distance (m) between a nest and the closest neighboring loon nest of any species during the same year. This was calculated using the GPS positions of nests. This covariate was not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the NND_any column.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 110.07
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1569.54
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This attribute was not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the NND_any column

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ConPresence
Attribute_Definition:

Conspecific presence. This represents another loon of same species nesting on the same lake. This covariate was not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the ConPresence column.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No loons of the same species nesting on the same lake.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Represents another loon of same species nesting on the same lake.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This attribute was not calculated for Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the ConPresence column.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MLN
Attribute_Definition:

Multiple loon nests. Accounts for the presence of multiple loon nests of any species on a single lake. This covariate was not calculated for lakes with Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the MLN column.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Single loon nest on lake
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Multiple loon nests on lake
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This attribute was not calculated for lakes with Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the MLN column.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Drainage_Ratio
Attribute_Definition:

The change in lake area measured between the maximum, early-summer level, and the minimum, midsummer level divided by the maximum, early-summer level. A Drainage Ratio of 0 indicates a lake with no seasonal change in water level, whereas a Drainage Ratio of 1 indicates a lake that loses all of its water over the course of the summer. This attribute was not calculated for lakes with Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the Drainage_Ratio column.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.85

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This attribute was not calculated for lakes with Red-throated Loon nests which have NA for the Drainage_Ratio column.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Pacific (Gavia pacifica), Yellow-billed (G. adamsii), and Red-throated Loon (G. stellata) Nest Monitoring Data; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, 2011-2014

Metadata: