Morphology and Disease Information from Waterfowl, Interior Alaska, 2010

Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Meixell, B.W.
Publication_Date: 201606
Title:
Morphology and Disease Information from Waterfowl, Interior Alaska, 2010
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Series_Information:
Series_Name: none
Issue_Identification: none
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7QJ7FD2
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Meixell, B.W.
Publication_Date: 201606
Title:
Examining the role of migratory birds in the movement of avian pathogens between and within continents
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: web site
Series_Information:
Series_Name: none
Issue_Identification: none
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Online_Linkage: http://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=321
Description:
Abstract:
This data set includes data from five waterfowl species (northern pintail, American wigeon, lesser scaup, green-winged teal and mallard) that were captured in Interior Alaska in 2010, then measured and sampled for blood parasite and avian influenza infections.
Purpose:
These data provided a basis for a study to understand the detection, prevalence and transmission of avian hematozoa and avian influenza at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Collections were made within the Minto Flats State Game Refuge
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -149.9768
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -148.8427
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.0547
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.6735
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC53
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science
Theme_Keyword: Biological Classification
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Birds
Theme_Keyword: Ducks/Geese/Swans
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Aquatic birds
Theme_Keyword: Waterfowl
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Minto Lakes
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: vertebrates
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:
Series_Name: ITIS
Issue_Identification: TSN 39074
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved May 11, 2016, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database http://www.itis.gov
Classification_System_Modifications: None
Taxonomic_Procedures: None.
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Applicable_Common_Name: Animal
Applicable_Common_Name: animaux
Applicable_Common_Name: animals
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Applicable_Common_Name: cordés
Applicable_Common_Name: cordado
Applicable_Common_Name: chordates
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrado
Applicable_Common_Name: vertébrés
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves
Applicable_Common_Name: Birds
Applicable_Common_Name: oiseaux
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anseriformes
Applicable_Common_Name: Ducks
Applicable_Common_Name: Geese
Applicable_Common_Name: Screamers
Applicable_Common_Name: Swans
Applicable_Common_Name: Waterfowl
Applicable_Common_Name: canards
Applicable_Common_Name: cygnes
Applicable_Common_Name: oies
Applicable_Common_Name: sauvagine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anatidae
Applicable_Common_Name: Ducks
Applicable_Common_Name: Geese
Applicable_Common_Name: Swans
Applicable_Common_Name: canards
Applicable_Common_Name: cygnes
Applicable_Common_Name: oies
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anatinae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anas
Applicable_Common_Name: Dabbling Ducks
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anas platyrhynchos
Applicable_Common_Name: Pato de collar
Applicable_Common_Name: Mallard
Applicable_Common_Name: canard colvert
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anas acuta
Applicable_Common_Name: Pato golondrino
Applicable_Common_Name: Northern Pintail
Applicable_Common_Name: canard pilet
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anas americana
Applicable_Common_Name: Pato chalcuán
Applicable_Common_Name: American Wigeon
Applicable_Common_Name: canard d'Amérique
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anas crecca
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aythya
Applicable_Common_Name: Diving Ducks
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aythya affinis
Applicable_Common_Name: Pato boludo-menor
Applicable_Common_Name: Lesser Scaup
Applicable_Common_Name: petit fuligule
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other product please use the citation below to credit the authors for their contribution to your work: Meixell BW, Arnold TW, Lindberg MS, Smith MM, Runstadler JA, Ramey AM, 2016, Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation. Parasites and Vectors, In Press.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Meixell, B.W.
Originator: Arnold, T.W.
Originator: Smith, M.M.
Originator: Runstadler, J.A.
Originator: Ramey, A.M.
Publication_Date: 201605
Title:
Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Parasites and Vectors
Issue_Identification: ##
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: BioMed Central
Other_Citation_Details: http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
All data were sorted in Microsoft Excel and outliers were checked for accuracy.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Data and metadata were peer-reviewed following U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices and U.S. Geological Survey Data Management Policy for logical consistency. See publication: Meixell BW, Arnold TW, Lindberg MS, Smith MM, Runstadler JA, Ramey AM, 2016, Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation. Parasites and Vectors, In Press.
Completeness_Report:
Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details, particularly the Entity and Attribute definitions for specifics on each entity and data within those entities. Data omissions for particular entities are explained in the Entity and Attribute definitions.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
We captured and sampled 1,347 ducks of 5 species between 17 May and 20 August 2010: American green-winged teal (hereafter: green-winged teal; Anas crecca, n = 228, American wigeon (Anas americana, n = 88), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 481), northern pintail (Anas acuta, n = 490), and lesser scaup (Athya affinis, n = 60). Sampling was conducted over three distinct periods: 17 – 27 May (May), 10 – 19 June (June), and 28 July – 20 August (August) and ducks were sampled temporally throughout each interval. Capture techniques varied depending on the timing of the season and included decoy traps (May) [49], rocket nets (June, August) [50], and baited swim-in traps (August) [51]. Upon capture, up to 2cc of blood was obtained from the jugular vein of each bird; approximately 1cc of whole blood for screening of hematozoa parasites was transferred immediately to cryovials; the remaining blood was transferred to serum separator tubes, allowed to clot for ≥ 2 hours, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for up to 10 minutes, and then serum for screening of IAV antibodies was transferred to cryovials. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs to test for IAV infection were obtained from each bird and stored individually in cryovials containing viral transport media (M4RT, Remel, KS). All samples were kept cool for up to 3 hours following collection, then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor shippers at -150°C, and once transported from the field site, maintained at -80°C until analysis. We categorized bird age as hatch year (juvenile) or after hatch year (adult) using cloacal and plumage characteristics. Birds were weighed to the nearest 1.0 g using a digital scale and the lengths of total tarsus and head were measured to the nearest 0.1 mm using dial calipers.
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Blood parasites were detected using molecular methods. DNA was extracted from samples using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and screened for hematozoa using nested PCR protocol. A minimum of one negative control was incorporated into PCR reactions for every 24 wells. Reactions were conducted in eight-well strip tubes with individual caps that remained closed, except while loading template and reagents, to prevent cross contamination. Amplicons were visualized on 0.8% agarose gels stained with Gel Red Nucleic Acid Gel Stain 10,000× in DMSO (Biotium, Hayward, CA). All samples were screened twice for hematozoa by nested PCR. A 479-base pair (bp) cytochrome b (cyt b) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) target fragment was sequenced for all samples that had amplicons present on agarose gels. PCR products were treated with ExoSap-IT (USB Inc., Cleveland, OH) per the manufacturer’s instructions and not otherwise purified prior to sequencing. Sequencing was performed with identical primers used for PCR and with BigDye Terminator version 3.1 mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) on an Applied Biosystems 3730xl automated DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Sequence data were cleaned and edited using Sequencher version 5.1 (Gene Codes Corp., Ann Arbor, MI). Infections were assigned to genera (Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, or Plasmodium) using the nucleotide BLAST function available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Assignment was based on the top NCBI BLAST result with a minimum identity score of at least 90%. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in any given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Genetic characterization of resultant sequences were previously summarized. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST (n = 20) were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives. To confirm the competency of extracted DNA, a 695-bp fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of waterfowl hosts was amplified using PCR protocols. Avian influenza virus was detected in swab samples using molecular methods. We extracted viral RNA using the MagMax-96 Viral Isolation Kit (Ambion Inc., Austin, TX) and screened RNA for IAV using a two-step real-time Reverse Transcriptase – Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) targeting the matrix gene. The rRT-PCR assays were run on an ABI 7500 real-time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Swab samples were considered positive for IAV RNA if Ct values were ≤ 45. We screened serum samples for the presence of IAV antibodies using a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA, FlockChek AI MultiS-Screen Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
DNA was extracted from all samples using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Extracted DNA was screened for presence of hematozoa using a nested PCR as described by Hellgren et al. (2004). A minimum of one negative control every 24 wells was incorporated into each set of PCR reactions. Reactions were conducted in eight well strip tubes with individual caps which remained closed, except while loading template and reagents, to prevent cross contamination. Amplicons were visualized on 0.8% agarose gels stained with Gel Red Nucleic Acid Gel Stain 10,000 in DMSO (Biotium, Hayward, CA). All samples were screened twice for hematozoa by nested PCR. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Process_Date: Unknown
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Avian influenza virus was detected in swab samples using molecular methods. We extracted viral RNA using the MagMax-96 Viral Isolation Kit (Ambion Inc., Austin, TX) and screened RNA for IAV using a two-step real-time Reverse Transcriptase – Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) targeting the matrix gene. The rRT-PCR assays were run on an ABI 7500 real-time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Swab samples were considered positive for IAV RNA if Ct values were ≤ 45. We screened serum samples for the presence of IAV antibodies using a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA, FlockChek AI MultiS-Screen Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Process_Date: Unknown
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A duck was considered positive for antibodies to IAV if the Signal to Noise ratio was ≤ 50.0.
Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210088

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label:
Morphology and Disease Information from Waterfowl, Interior Alaska, 2010
Entity_Type_Definition: Data set
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Bird_ID
Attribute_Definition: Individual identifier of each bird included in the analysis.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 10BM30101
Range_Domain_Maximum: 10BM31956
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Individual bird
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition: Species of the sampled duck.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
American Ornithologists' Union (1998). AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition. http://americanornithology.org/content/aou-checklist-north-and-middle-american-birds-7th-edition-and-supplements
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: LESC
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
American Ornithologists' Union (1998). AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition. http://americanornithology.org/content/aou-checklist-north-and-middle-american-birds-7th-edition-and-supplements
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: NOPI
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northern pintail (Anas acuta)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
American Ornithologists' Union (1998). AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition. http://americanornithology.org/content/aou-checklist-north-and-middle-american-birds-7th-edition-and-supplements
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: MALL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
American Ornithologists' Union (1998). AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition. http://americanornithology.org/content/aou-checklist-north-and-middle-american-birds-7th-edition-and-supplements
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: AMWI
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: American wigeon (Anas americana)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
American Ornithologists' Union (1998). AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition. http://americanornithology.org/content/aou-checklist-north-and-middle-american-birds-7th-edition-and-supplements
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: AGWT
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: American green-winged teal (Anas crecca)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
American Ornithologists' Union (1998). AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Seventh Edition. http://americanornithology.org/content/aou-checklist-north-and-middle-american-birds-7th-edition-and-supplements
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition:
Definition: Age (year Class) Codes specified by the USGS, Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Age codes and definitions: UNK – Unknown age AHY – After hatching year. A bird known to have hatched before the calendar year of banding; year of hatch otherwise unknown. HY – Hatching year. A bird capable of sustained flight and known to have hatched during the calendar year in which it was banded. L – Local. A young bird incapable of sustained flight. After a young bird achieves sustained flight it becomes an "HY" until December 31. SY – Second year. A bird known to have hatched in the calendar year preceding the year of banding and in its second calendar year of life. Example: Banded 1997 - Hatched 1996. ASY – After second year. A bird known to have hatched earlier than the calendar year preceeding the year of banding; year of hatch otherwise unknown. Example: Banded 1997 - Hatched 1995 or earlier. TY – Third year. A bird known to have hatched in the calendar year two years prior to the year of banding, now in its third calendar year of life. Example: Banded 1997 - Hatched 1995. ATY – After third year. A bird known to have hatched prior to two years prior to the year of banding, now in at least its fourth calendar year of life. Example: Banded 1997 - Hatched 1994 or earlier.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USGS, Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: AHY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: After hatch year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
USGS, Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: HY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hatch year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
USGS, Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Sex
Attribute_Definition:
Sex of the sampled duck as determined by cloacal exam and plumage characteristics; M = Male, F = Female.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Hochbaum HA. Sex and age determination of waterfowl by cloacal examination. Trans N A Wildlife Conf. 1942;7:299-307. Carney SM. Species, age and sex identification of ducks using wing plumage. Washington DC: US Fish and Wildlife Service; 1992.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date that a captured duck was sampled (day-month-year)
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 17 May 2010
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20 Aug 2010
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Tarsus
Attribute_Definition:
Total tarsus bone length measured in millimeters (mm) to the nearest 0.1 mm
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Dzubin, A. and Cooch, E. G. 1992. Measurements of geese: general field methods. – California Waterfowl Association, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 32.3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 57.0
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Head
Attribute_Definition:
Measured length of head of sampled duck (including bill) to the nearest 0.1 mm
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Dzubin, A. and Cooch, E. G. 1992. Measurements of geese: general field methods. – California Waterfowl Association, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 72.3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 122.9
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Mass
Attribute_Definition: Measured mass of the sampled duck to the nearest gram
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 225
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1537
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Leuc_1
Attribute_Definition:
Result from first PCR run for Leucocytozoon parasites. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2013;2:102-109.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Leuc_2
Attribute_Definition:
Result from second PCR run for Leucocytozoon parasites. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2013;2:102-109.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Haem_1
Attribute_Definition:
Result from first PCR run for Haemoproteus parasites. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2013;2:102-109.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Haem_2
Attribute_Definition:
Result from second PCR run for Haemoproteus parasites. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2013;2:102-109.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Plas_1
Attribute_Definition:
Result from first PCR run for Plasmodium parasites. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2013;2:102-109.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Plas_2
Attribute_Definition:
Result from second PCR run for Plasmodium parasites. A sample was considered as positive for blood parasite infection in a given PCR run if it resulted in double-stranded, target mtDNA that was verified through genetic sequencing and successfully assigned to one of three parasite genera using BLAST. Single-stranded sequences or products that could not be assigned via BLAST were considered as negative to reduce the possible occurrence of false positives.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Ramey AM, Fleskes JP, Schmutz JA, Yabsley MJ. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2013;2:102-109.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: IAV
Attribute_Definition:
Test result for Influenza A Virus from swab samples. A duck was considered positive for IAV RNA if Ct values for the cloacal swab and/or the oropharyngeal swab was ≤ 45.0.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Serum
Attribute_Definition:
Test result for antibodies to Influenza A Virus in serum samples. A duck was considered positive for antibodies to IAV if the Signal to Noise ratio was ≤ 50.0.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Negative result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Positive result
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Authoritative source for access to data.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Zip
Format_Version_Number: 19.0
Format_Information_Content:
Zip file containing the data in CSV file format and FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats.
File_Decompression_Technique: Legacy compression.
Transfer_Size: 0.2
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7QJ7FD2
Fees: No fees.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Review_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None

Generated by mp version 2.9.33 on Mon Jun 6 18:52:34 2016