Walrus Bayesian State-space Model Output from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, 2008-2012

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: W. S. Beatty
Originator: C. V. Jay
Originator: A. S. Fischbach
Publication_Date: 201607
Title:
Walrus Bayesian State-space Model Output from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, 2008-2012
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F77M060G
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chadwick Jay
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title: Walrus Research
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Website
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Online_Linkage: http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/walrus/
Description:
Abstract:
State-space models offer researchers an objective approach to modeling complex animal location datasets, and state-space model behavior classifications are often assumed to have a link to animal behavior. We evaluated the behavioral classification accuracy of a Bayesian state-space model in Pacific walruses using Argos satellite tags outfitted with sensors to detect animal behavior in real time. Specifically, tags were targeted to attach midway between the shoulders and each tag had a conductivity sensor and pressure transducer sensor integrated with an Argos satellite telemetry tag. At 1 s intervals, the pressure transducer recorded the depth of the tag and the conductivity sensor indicated whether the tag was in salt water. Two simple algorithms that ran onboard the tag summarized behavior information within 1-hr intervals to facilitate behavior data transmission through the Argos system using two indicator variables. One algorithm set the forage indicator variable to 1 if >50% of depth measurements exceeded 10 m during a 1-hr interval and to 0 if otherwise. A second algorithm set the wet indicator variable to 1 if >10% of conductivity measurements indicated the tag was in salt water during that 1-hr interval and to 0 if otherwise. Based on the values of these two indicator variables, we categorized each 1-hr interval into one of three behavior states. A combination of wet = 0 and forage = 0 for a 1-hr interval indicated the animal was primarily hauled-out during that period. Variable indicators of wet = 1 and forage = 0 indicated a walrus was primarily in water and not foraging (swimming) during the associated 1-hr interval. Finally, combinations of wet = 1 and foraging = 1 represented an individual foraging at depth for the corresponding 1-hr interval. To compare these real behaviors to modeled behaviors, we fit a two-state discrete-time continuous-space Bayesian state-space model to data from 306 Pacific walruses tagged in the Chukchi Sea. We matched predicted locations and behaviors from the state-space model (resident, transient behavior) to true animal behavior (foraging, swimming, hauled-out) and evaluated classification accuracy with kappa statistics and root mean square error. These data represent Bayesian state-space model output for 8 hr and 12 hr time steps.
Purpose:
Evaluate behavioral classification accuracy of a Bayesian state-space model in Pacific walruses.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20080531
Beginning_Time: 000000Z
Ending_Date: 20121014
Ending_Time: 115959Z
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Chukchi Sea and northern Bering Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: 171.9987449
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -152.2907934
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 75.59113977
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.82267275
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC58
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Behavior
Theme_Keyword: Telemetry
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: animal movement
Theme_Keyword: biologging
Theme_Keyword: kernel overlap
Theme_Keyword: radio telemetry
Theme_Keyword: space use
Theme_Keyword: state-space model
Theme_Keyword: utilization distributions
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: Marine
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: Spring
Temporal_Keyword: Summer
Temporal_Keyword: Autumn
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Taxonomic_Keywords: Walrus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Pacific walrus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Odobenus rosmarus divergens
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus rosmarus
Applicable_Common_Name: Walrus
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
It is requested that the authors and USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use. It is the responsibility of the user to use the data appropriately and consistent with the limitations of the data in general and these data in particular.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: W. S. Beatty
Originator: C. V. Jay
Originator: A. S. Fischbach
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with the Pacific walrus
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Marine Mammal Science
Publisher: Society for Marine Mammalogy
Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12332
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report: None
Completeness_Report:
A complete description of capture, telemetry, behaviors, models, and model output can be found in the companion manuscript for this data set: "An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with Pacific walrus" published in Marine Mammal Science in 2016 (DOI: 10.1111/mms.12332).
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
For a complete description of all field methods to derive this data set, see the companion publication.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: W. S. Beatty
Originator: C. V. Jay
Originator: A. S. Fischbach
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with Pacific walrus
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Marine Mammal Science
Publisher: Society for Marine Mammalogy
Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12332
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: I.D. Jonsen, J. M. Flemming, and R. A. Myers.
Publication_Date: 2005
Title: Robust state-space modeling of animal movement data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Ecology
Publisher: Ecological Society of America
Online_Linkage: DOI: 10.1890/04-1852
Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2005
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Jonsen et al (2005)
Source_Contribution:
Jonsen et al (2005) developed an initial version of the discrete time, continuous space Bayesian hierarchical two-state switching model. This model was used in the generation of these data.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We collected Argos satellite telemetry locations for a samples of 362 walruses.
Process_Date: Unknown
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We removed walruses that were monitored for less than 5 days or with less than 25 locations.
Process_Date: 2016
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We examined geographic plots of Argos locations to remove outliers. The final data set included 306 walruses and 251,421 Argos locations.
Process_Date: 2016
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We partitioned our final dataset into 18 different groups according to year to facilitate data analysis.
Process_Date: 2016
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We fit a discrete time, continuous space Bayesian hierarchical two-state switching model. The model predicted locations and behavior state at regular time intervals based on a correlated random walk process model and t-distribution observation models.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
I.D. Jonsen, J.M. Flemming, and R.A. Myers. 2005. Robust state-space modeling of animal movement data. Ecology 86:2874-2880.
Process_Date: 2016
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.00000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.00000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210088
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ssm_8hr.csv
Entity_Type_Definition: Bayesian state-space model output for 8 hr time step.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Deployment
Attribute_Definition: Identifies unique tag deployments
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 306
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date of animal's location
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 20080531
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20121014
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYYMMDD
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Time
Attribute_Definition: Time of animal's location
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 000000Z
Range_Domain_Maximum: 235959Z
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: HHMMSSZ
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: Longitude in decimal degrees
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.988055614987
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.998373600598
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude in decimal degrees
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 57.822672749568
Range_Domain_Maximum: 75.591139767049
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Bmode
Attribute_Definition:
Posterior mean of behavior. Values near 2.0 represent resident behavior whereas values near 1.0 represent transient behavior. Resident behavior resembled a pattern of area-restricted search and was characterized by movements with high turning angles and relatively low speeds. Transient behavior represented an animal traveling between two distinct areas and was characterized by low turning angles.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Posterior Mean
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Forage
Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates foraging status of animal
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not foraging, 1 = foraging, NA = missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Wet
Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates in water status of animal
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not in water, 1 = in water, NA = missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: pForage
Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were foraging
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: pWet
Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were wet
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ssm_12hr.csv
Entity_Type_Definition: Bayesian state-space model output for 12 hr time steps.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Deployment
Attribute_Definition: Identifies unique tag deployments
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 306
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date of animal's location
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 20080531
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20121014
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYYMMDD
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Time
Attribute_Definition: Time of animal's location
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 000000Z
Range_Domain_Maximum: 235959Z
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: HHMMSSZ
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: Longitude in decimal degrees
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.988055614987
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.998373600598
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude in decimal degrees
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 57.822672749568
Range_Domain_Maximum: 75.591139767049
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Bmode
Attribute_Definition:
Posterior mean of behavior. Values near 2.0 represent resident behavior whereas values near 1.0 represent transient behavior. Resident behavior resembled a pattern of area-restricted search and was characterized by movements with high turning angles and relatively low speeds. Transient behavior represented an animal traveling between two distinct areas and was characterized by low turning angles.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Posterior Mean
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Forage
Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates foraging status of animal
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not foraging, 1 = foraging, NA = missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Wet
Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates in water status of animal
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not in water, 1 = in water, NA = missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: pForage
Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were foraging
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: pWet
Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were wet
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F77M060G
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: William Beatty
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Research Wildlife Biologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Metadata_Standard_Name:
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time
Generated by mp version 2.9.33 on Fri Jul 22 18:22:45 2016