Hydroacoustic Surveys, North Pacific and Bering Sea, 2012 and 2014

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Sarah Schoen, ORCID: 0000-0002-5685-5185
Originator: Brielle Heflin
Originator: John Piatt
Originator: Mayumi Arimitsu
Publication_Date: 201802
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested citation: Schoen, S.K., Heflin, B.M., Piatt, J.F., Arimitsu, M.L., 2018, Hydroacoustic Surveys, North Pacific and Bering Sea, 2012 and 2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TQ60GV.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TQ60GV
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center, Marine and Freshwater Ecology
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology Program
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=11

Description:

Abstract:

These data comprise of hydroacoustic backscatter data along transects in the North Pacific and Bering Sea conducted in August 2012 and 2014. We echointegrated hydroactoustic backscatter and used that as a proxy for forage fish biomass. The dataset consists of comma delimited files for 120Hz frequency. Each file contains analysis exports from EchoView Software Pty Ltd. ver. 5.4.

Purpose:

The purpose of this data collection effort was to measure hydroacoustic backscatter as a proxy for forage fish biomass in the water column.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20120815
Ending_Date: 20140816

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: North Pacific and Bering Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.5454138
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -152.9852425
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.21385
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.91866667

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC168

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: acoustic methods
Theme_Keyword: fishery resources

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: fishery technology
Theme_Keyword: aquatic Sciences and Fisheries
Theme_Keyword: marine fisheries
Theme_Keyword: fishes
Theme_Keyword: aquaculture
Theme_Keyword: depth

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: acoustic backscatter
Theme_Keyword: Nautical area scattering coefficient

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Aleutian Islands
Place_Keyword: Alaska Peninsula
Place_Keyword: North Pacific
Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
Place_Keyword: Alaska

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Sarah K. Schoen
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ecosystems Mission Area, and the Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) program of both USGS and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The USFWS Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) and the Aleutian and Bering Sea Islands LCC also provided financial and logistic support. We are grateful to AMNWR managers Steve Delehanty, Jeff Williams, and Heather Renner for program support and for the use of data from Aiktak and Buldir, and to Captain William Pepper and crew of the R/V Tig ̂lax ̂ for outstanding research logistic support in the Aleutians. Additional advice and support was provided by Vernon Byrd, Scott Hatch, Lisa Spitler, and Bill Sydeman. We are especially grateful to those who joined us in the field work and contributed enthusiastically to our data collection: Josh Adams, Allison Anholt, Amanda Gladics, Keith Hobson, Kelli Johnson, Forrest Piatt, Barry Sampson, Jane Sullivan, and Ajay Varma. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the federal government.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

The original data is stored as comma separated text files and is also made available in this format for dissemination.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Sarah K. Schoen
Originator: John F. Piatt
Originator: Mayumi L. Arimitsu
Originator: Brielle M. Heflin
Originator: Erica N. Madison
Originator: Gary S. Drew
Originator: Martin Renner
Originator: Nora A. Rojek
Originator: David C. Douglas
Originator: Anthony R. DeGange
Publication_Date: 201802
Title:

Avian predator buffers against variability in marine habitats with flexible foraging behavior

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Marine Biology
Issue_Identification: Unknown

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: on line
Publisher: Springer

Other_Citation_Details:

Schoen SK, Piatt JF, Arimitsu ML, Heflin BM, Madison EN, Drew GS, Renner M, Rojek NA, Douglas DC, DeGange AR (2018) Avian predator buffers against variability in marine habitats with flexible foraging behavior. Mar Bio 3304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3304-4

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3304-4

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology Program
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: web site
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details: Program information website.
Online_Linkage:

https://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/seabirds_foragefish/foragefish/index.php

Analytical_Tool:

Analytical_Tool_Description:

We used a hull-mounted 38-120 kHz split-beam hydroacoustics system (SIMRAD EK500 in 2012 and EK60 in 2014) to measure hydroacoustic backscatter in the water column continuously.

Tool_Access_Information:

Online_Linkage: https://www.echoview.com/
Tool_Access_Instructions: https://www.echoview.com/

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

We applied the most recent calibration settings for the EK500 system (2008; D. Dragoo pers. comm.) to the data in 2012. In 2014, we calibrated the EK 60 system prior to surveys by suspending a 38.1 mm diameter tungsten carbide sphere below each transducer following Foote et al. (1987).

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Due to a technical error during data collection in 2012 we were unable to calibrate the hydroacoustic system prior to those surveys, so used a previous calibration (2008; D. Dragoo pers. comm.) to the data. Equipment malfunction precluded hydroacoustic sampling in 2013. New hydroacoustic equipment was installed on the vessel in 2014 (EK60).

Completeness_Report:

Data is complete, missing latitude and longitude are represented as 999 and blank fields in the depth are representative of the bottom depth.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Latitude and longitude coordinates were obtained from a commercially available Garmin GPS with a resolution to within ± 4 m.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Hydroacoustic data were obtained from a hull-mounted 38-120 kHz split-beam hydroacoustics system (SIMRAD EK500 and EK60 in 2012 and 2014 respectively). Transducers were calibrated at the start of each survey following Foote et al. (1987). Raw data were collected to a maximum depth of 500 m at 0.512 ms transmitted pulse length.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Foote, K.
Originator: Knudsen, H.
Originator: Vestnes, G.
Originator: MacLennan, D.N.
Originator: Simmonds, E.J.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title:

Calibration of acoustic instruments for fish density estimation: A practical guide.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: ICES Cooperative Research Report
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Copenhagen, Denmark
Publisher: ---

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Sounder-detected bottom lines were edited by visually inspecting the 120 kHz echogram. Passive noise was removed from both transducers using a data generator for each frequency following Parker-Stetter et al. 2009, and background noise was removed from the 120 kHz transducer following De Robertis and Higginbottom (2007). Any data below the bottom line (1 meter above the seafloor) and above 9 meters for Vsevidof and 7 meters for all other colonies from the surface were excluded from the integration export.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Parker-Stetter et al. 2009
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: De Robertis and Higginbottom (2007)
Process_Date: 2016

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

Latitude and longitude point locations were recorded continuously during transects using SIMRAD ER60 ver.2.4.3.

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Processed_Hydroacoustic_NASC120Hz_NorthPacific_BeringSea_2012_2014

Entity_Type_Definition: hydroacoustic survey data
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: station
Attribute_Definition:

station name references the name of the Island that the surveys were conducted around in a radial pattern

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: text field, Island name

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: date
Attribute_Definition: Reports the date of the ping in the domain which was analyzed
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8/15/2012
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8/16/2014
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: date, MM/DD/YYYY

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: time
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the time (UTC) of the ping in the domain which was analyzed

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 00:00:07.7500
Range_Domain_Maximum: 23:59:48.2500
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: hh:mm:ss.ssss

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: latitude
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the latitude (in decimal degrees) of the ping in the domain which was analyzed, if field is blank location data is missing

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 52.91867
Range_Domain_Maximum: 57.21385
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: longitude
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the longitude (in decimal degrees) of the ping in the domain which was analyzed, if field is blank location data is missing

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -168.5454138
Range_Domain_Maximum: -152.9852425
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: interval
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the interval number of the cell being analyzed, division on the time/distance axis of a grid, i.e. intervals are delineated by vertical bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1311
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: whole number

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 25
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi)), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC=4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is >25 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.75
Range_Domain_Maximum: 132746.30
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 50
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 25-50 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 170293.11
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 75
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T= mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 50-75 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 132730.36
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 100
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 75-100 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 62346.49
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 125
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 100-125 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 46504.92
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 150
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 125-150 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 52890.75
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 175
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 150-175 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 107858.35
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 200
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 175-200 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 85411.57
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 225
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 200-225 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1035.202
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 250
Attribute_Definition:

Reports the Nautical area scattering coefficient - 4π = Steradians in a sphere - converting "backscattering" cross-section to "scattering" cross-section, 1852 = meters per nautical mile (m/nmi), Sv = mean volume backscattering strength of the domain being integrated (dB re 1 m²/m³), T = mean thickness of the domain being integrated. NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^(Sv/10)×T, NASC = 4π×〖1852〗^2×〖10〗^((Sv_mean)/10)×Thickness_mean. The layer depth being analyzed is 225-250 meters division on the depth/range axis of a grid, i.e. layers are delineated by horizontal bands on an echogram.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (dB re 1 m²/m³)

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

This dataset contains Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient (NASC; m2 nmi-2) output from hydroacoustic surveys in the North Pacific and Bering Sea in 2012 and 2014.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: NA

Hydroacoustic Surveys, North Pacific and Bering Sea, 2012 and 2014

Metadata: