Version History for " North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database" _______________________________________________________ Current Citation Drew, G.S., Schoen, S.K., Hood, M.D., Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F. 2005, North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)(ver. 4.1, May 2023): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https:// doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01T3 ________________________________________________________ NPPSD Version 1 Version 1.0 available August 11, 2005 Citation: Drew, G.S., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD): Compiling datasets and creating an archive, accessible database, and pelagic seabird atlas. Final report for the North Pacific Marine Research Institute, Project No. NPMRI 18 (T2110), 59 p. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. At-sea marine bird and mammal data compiled from 3 sources: 1. OCSEAP The Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) was a project aimed at developing scientific information about the continental shelf region of Alaska during the 1970s, in advance of potential oil development. At-sea seabird surveys were one part of this program. The OCSEAP data set consists of 273 separate survey files. Data was collected primarily over the shelf region, but the majority of the North Pacific was represented. These files were archived by NOAA in hierarchical data format. These files were sub-divided into tables in a relational database (Location, Environment, Ice, Comments and Data). 2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Archives These files were recovered from several 9-track tapes labeled “FWS TAP Archival Data.” Out of the 243 surveys found on these tapes, 100 were identical to surveys already contained within the OCSEAP dataset. Like the OCSEAP dataset, this data was wide ranging. After thorough proofing and cleaning, 142 surveys remain in the TAP dataset. We also found hard copies of datasheets for several surveys that could not be found in digital format. These surveys were entered into data tables. 3. Kodiak Small Boat Coastal Surveys The Kodiak Winter Surveys are a compilation of small boat transects conducted around Kodiak from 1980-2002. Denny Zwiefelhofer (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) cleaned and proofed all data. We received 40 surveys from him in May 2004. All surveys were conducted using OCSEAP format and coding systems. Only minor changes and corrections were necessary to integrate this dataset. ________________________________________________________ NPPSD Version 2 Version 2.0 available August 11, 2015 Citation: Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., Renner, M, 2015, User’s guide to the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database 2.0. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1123, 52p., Anchorage, Alaska. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151123 (report). https://doi.org/10.5066/f7wq01t3 (database) Changes in version 2.0 1. Dataset Title changed to "North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database: Version 2.0" 2. The original four data tables, observations and locations for both marine birds and marine mammals were converted to a relational database (Access) with combined taxa in two tables, locations and observations. A key field was developed to link the two location and observation tables. Details on the design and architecture of the NPPSD v2 can be found in the User’s Guide (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151123). 3. Added an off-transect field to the observation table. Previously off transect observations were excluded. By adding this data back in, we were able include data useful for presence/absence and range distributions. 4. A total of 1,543 location records were determined to be duplicates and removed. 5. Data from approximately 290,479 new sample transects and their observation data were added to the dataset. Data Additions included: * Russian Academy of Science * Surveys of the Sea of Okhotsk Datasets conducted by V.P Shuntov 1984-1997 * Coastal Surveys of Russian West coast conducted by Konyukhov 1985-1991 * Coastal Surveys of Russian West coast conducted by Y. Artukhin 2004-2005 * Coastal Surveys of Russian West coast conducted by Vyalatkin 1973-1995 * U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service * Surveys of Prince William Sound, Alaska by David Irons 1989-1996 * Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge-SMMOCI surveys 1995-2006 * Surveys of Southeast Alaska 2002-2004 by Michelle L. Kissling * Beverly Agler collected data in SE Alaska and Cook Inlet 1993-1994 * Surveys around Chowiet Island led by Vernon Byrd in 2006 * U.S. Geological Survey * Surveys of Cook Inlet Alaska collected by Piatt 1995-2000 * Surveys of Glacier Bay, Alaska collected by Piatt 1998-2002 * Various surveys of Aleutian Islands by John F. Piatt 1989-2012 * Surveys of the Russian Far East by Tom VanPelt 2005 * Surveys across the North Pacific Ocean to Hawaii led by John Piatt in 1989 * Surveys led by John Piatt across the Gulf of Alaska from 1990 to 2006 * Surveys led by John Piatt in the Semidi Islands in 1990 * Surveys across the Aleutian Islands led by John Piatt in 2012 * Surveys led by John Piatt near Unalaska and Adak Islands in 2003, 2005, and 2006 * National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Organization * Surveys across the Gulf of Alaska led by Robert Day from 1997 through 2000 * Canada-Department of Fisheries and Oceans * Ken Morgan was responsible for at-sea surveys off the west coast of B.C. Canada 1982-2010 * Universities * Surveys conducted in the Chukchi Sea by Ted Swem 2009-2010 * Surveys of the Bering Sea by George L. Hunt 1975-2004 * Surveys off the West Coast of the U.S. by the Point Ryes Bird Observatory 1987-1989 * Surveys off of Oregon and California by the Point Ryes Bird Observatory 1990-2006 * Consulting Companies * ABR Inc. Consulting - Adrian Gall collected data in the Chukchi Sea 2008-2011 * ABR Inc. Consulting Robert Day collected surveys around Alaska 1985-2010 * Surveys of WA and OR coast by G.A. Green, M. L. Bonnell & K. T. Briggs 1989-1990 ________________________________________________________ NPPSD Version 3 Version 3.0 available February 11, 2020 Citation: Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., 2015, North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) (ver. 3.0, February, 2020): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https:// doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01T3 Changes in version 3.0 1. Dataset Title changed to "North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database" Version 3 2. Duplicates: there were duplicate entries for surveys around Kodiak I. A subset of the data contributed by Denny Zwiffilhofer (~2,000 records) were also included in the OCSEP data set. Changes in transect numbers and reported precision complicated their identification. 3. Incorrect speeds: Some out of range speeds were included in version 2 of the report, e.g. speeds > 40 kph. 4. Several users commented that the on/off transect field was confusing. The field used “Yes” for off-transect and “No” for on-transect. For clarity, we changed this entry to “On” for on-transect and “Off” for off-transect. 5. Corrected typos in the Behavior field — A small number of behaviors had typos in the behavior field. 6. Some bird observation records had densities despite being “Off-transect” for these records’ density was removed. 7. Taxonomic changes based on the current American Ornithological Union and Integrated Taxonomic Information System systematics required updates to the species observations data. Note when species were split, e.g. Xantus murrelet became Scrippt’s and Guadalupe murrelet, there is no way to adjust previous observations. 8. Following are list of new datasets that were added to NPPSD v.2 to create NPPSD v.3: * Bering, Chukchi and Gulf of Alaska – Combined datasets from surveys conducted in 2013-2018 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under BOEM and NPRB funded projects led by Kathy Kuletz (USFWS, Reg. 7). This dataset consists of 36,309 transects. This data has gone through QA/QC and was integrated into the NPPSD. * Bering, Chukchi and Gulf of Alaska – Combined datasets from surveys conducted in 2006-2012 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service led by Kathy Kuletz (USFWS, Reg. 7). * Aleutian Islands/Northern Gulf of Alaska — USGS (J. Piatt) surveys conducted during 2012-2014 around Tufted Puffin colonies from Cook Inlet to Attu Island. The data consists of 315 transects, with 2,965 observations of 149,262 marine birds and mammals. * Aleutian Islands/Bering Sea, AK— Surveys by USGS (G. Drew) around volcanically disturbed Aleutian Islands including Kasatochi Island in 2009, 2012, 2014, and 2016 and Bogoslof Island in 2018. The dataset consists of 191 transects with 2,090 observations of 34,628 marine birds and mammals. * Gulf of Alaska (the “GAK1 Line”)— USFWS (K. Kuletz et al.) survey data from the GAK1 line during 2011-2018. Survey transects (n=3829) yielded 11,019 observations of 83,988 marine birds and mammals. * Kodiak Island— USFWS (R. Corcoran) coastal surveys around Kodiak Island in 2011-2016. These summer surveys comprised 904 transects with observations of 276,139 marine birds and mammals. * Coastal Gulf of Alaska — Surveys conducted by the National Park Service (H. Coletti) and USGS (D. Esler et al.) include annual spring (March/April) and summer (June/July) surveys in Kenai Fjords NP, Katmai NPP, and Kachemak Bay from 2007-2019. * Cook Inlet, Alaska- U.S. Geological Service at-sea surveys led by John Piatt and Mayumi Arimitsu in Cook Inlet, Alaska from 2016 to 2019. Surveys included 824 transects. * Prince William Sound, AK— U.S. Geological Service at-sea surveys led by Mayumi Arimitsu within Prince William Sound 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015-2019. Surveys included 610 transect segments. * Prince William Sound, AK— Prince William Sound Science Center (M.A. Bishop, A. Schaefer) surveys conducted in PWS 2007-2016. Dataset includes a total of 2,859 transects with 56,657 marine bird observations. * Southeast Alaska — Combined datasets from USFWS and USFS surveys originally designed for murrelets and waterfowl but including other species. Surveys conducted in 1991-1995 (USFS, USFWS) and 1997-2001 (USFWS). Dataset includes 1,917 transects. * British Columbia — Environment Canada 2011-2017 (K. Morgan) offshore surveys dataset includes 7,408 survey transects, 14,016 observations of 65,410 marine birds and mammals. * British Columbia – Surveys conducted around Queen Charlotte Islands in 2005-2008 by Dalhousie University (C. Fox). The dataset includes 5,539 transects and 9,622 observations of 58,854 birds. * Coastal California and Oregon — Surveys conducted by the Farallon Institute (W. Sydeman et al) in conjunction with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Datasets include 25,785 transects and 46,404 observations of 351,055 seabirds and Marine mammals. * US West Coast, California, Oregon and Washington – Dataset from the USFWS/USFS Marbled Murrelet monitoring program on the coast of California, Oregon, and Washington. This includes data collected between 1989-2009. There was a total of 23,146 transects and 109,730 observations of 1,373,327 birds and mammals. * Kachemak Bay, Alaska- at-sea surveys of led by Kathy Kuletz (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) from 2004-2006 and 2015. ______________________________________________________ NPPSD Version 4.0 Version 4.0 available January 18, 2023 Citation: Drew, G.S., Schoen, S.K., Hood, M.D., Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., 2005, North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) (ver. 4.0, January 2023): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01T3 Changes in version 4.0 1. Dataset Title changed to "North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database" Version 4 2. In Version 4 of the NPPSD, we reengineered the data from an MS Access database into MS SQL Server. This corrects database duplication by remodeling its structure, which streamlines existing redundancies. 3. We fixed errors associated with incorrect locations and times. 4. We standardized naming conventions for values in many columns. 5. We updated the species taxonomy file with the latest accepted taxonomy and species codes. 6. We added a unique identifier for each table (location_id, obs_id, species_id) 7. We omitted some of the columns from previous tables that were rarely populated (including Station Number, Speed, Depth, Surface Temperature, Surface Salinity, Barometric Pressure, Barometric Trend, Wind Speed) 8. We added a column for organization. 9. We made a new local date-time column (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) and omitted the separate columns for each portion of the date and time (Year, Month, Day, Juian Date, Hour, Minutes, Elapsed Time). We added seconds into the time if we were able to ascertain seconds based on the master_key value, but if seconds were not and parsable based on master_key we left seconds as :00. 10. We added a survey_id for every record. 11. We added approximately 29,000 new transect segments to the dataset. The following are list of new datasets that were added to NPPSD v.3 to create NPPSD v.4: * Russia- North-East Passage off Siberia- Surveys were led by Claude Joiris in 2017 and includes transects across the Arctic Ocean offshore Russia from the Gulf of Anadyr to the Barent Sea, including 339 location records and 892 observation records. * British Columbia- Surveys led by Tony Gaston and the Raincoast Education Society throughout Queen Charlotte Sound in 2020 and 2021. Surveys include 1037 transect segments and 4,110 observations. * British Columbia– Survey data from the west coast of Canada in 2018 and 2019 led by Ken Morgan and Caroline Fox. Data includes 1466 transect segments and 2099 observations. * Prince William Sound, AK— Surveys led by David Irons and Robert Kaler from 1998-2012 from Prince William Sound following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Data include 2495 transect segments and 23574 observations. * Coastal Alaska- Offshore survey data across Alaska from 2019 to 2021 led by Kathy Kuletz including 15349 transect segments and 39506 observations. * Coastal Gulf of Alaska- Survey data in Kenai Fjords, Katmai, and Kachemak Bay, Alaska by the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey in 2021 led by Heather Coletti, Dan Esler, and Brian Robinson. Surveys included 138 transect segments and 2123 observations. * Coastal Gulf of Alaska- Survey data by the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska in 2022. Surveys include 41 transect segments and 586 observations. * Coastal California- Surveys led by William Sydeman offshore of California and Mexico from 2018 to 2021. Surveys include 4436 transect segments and 8910 observations. * Cook Inlet, Alaska- U.S. Geological Service at-sea surveys led by John Piatt and Mayumi Arimitsu in Cook Inlet, Alaska from 1995 to 2021. Surveys included 2736 transect segment and 14574 observations. * Arctic, Alaska- Surveys in the Arctic led by Kathy Kuletz of the USFWS in 2017. Surveys included 398 transect segments and 1012 observations. * Kodiak, Alaska- Survey data from Kodiak, Alaska led by Robin Corcoran of the USFWS in 2019. Surveys included 1000 transect segments and 4814 observations. * Kodiak, Alaska- Surveys around Kodiak, Alaska led by Robin Corcoran of the USFWS in 2021. Surveys included 963 transect segments and 5089 observations. ______________________________________________________ NPPSD Version 4.1 Version 4.1 available May 2023 Citation: Drew, G.S., Schoen, S.K., Hood, M.D., Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., 2005, North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) (ver. 4.1, May 2023): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01T3 Changes in version 4.1 1. Dataset Title changed to "North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database" Version 4.1 2. Duplicates: we identified several duplicate surveys in the database (including locations and observations), as well as multiple duplicate locations from other surveys. Duplicates were omitted (see NPPSDv4.1_Changes.csv). 3. We corrected the principal investigator, source, and contributor for several surveys (Morgan_2002, Morgan_2003, Morgan_2004, Morgan_2005, and Morgan_2006). 4. We changed the survey_id for surveys that were either long and duplicative, or were written in a format that was being altered when the file was opened in other programs (e.g. Excel, R). See NPPSDv4.1_Changes.csv. 5. We changed all observations of Common Gulls and Mew Gulls to Short-billed Gulls (Common Gulls only occur on the east coast of the United States and in Western Asia, and Mew Gull had a taxonomic split) 6. We fixed several other errors that we encountered (see NPPSDv4.1_Changes.csv). 7. We added an "S" in front of the species_id number so that the number wouldn't change format (e.g. exponential) in different programs (e.g. Excel). 8. We added a "scientific_name" for every entry in the "SpeciesTaxonomy_NPPSDv4.1.csv" file, and standardized the naming convention for entries not identified to the species level. 9. We added a default time of 12:00:00 for every location entry without a specified time, so that the date of the survey would remain the same if it were converted to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) regardless of what time zone it was in. Updated version 4.1 on April 5, 2024 Appended: Clarified definition of 'location_id' and updated citation for eBird/Clements taxonomic bird checklist.