GPS and Argos Location Data from Adult Female Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort Sea, April-October 2014

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, Anthony M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2176-0909)
Originator: Atwood, Todd C. (ORCID:0000-0002-1971-3110)
Originator: Durner, George M. (ORCID:0000-0002-3370-1191)
Publication_Date: 20191211
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested citation: Pagano, A.M., T.C. Atwood, and G.M. Durner. 2019. Satellite location and tri-axial accelerometer data from adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, April-October 2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VA5I0M

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VA5I0M
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:

USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems: The effects of declining sea ice on polar bear behaviors and energetic rates

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 379

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=379

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset contains GPS and Argos locations collected by satellite-linked GPS receivers on collars attached to 5 adult female polar bears that were instrumented in the southern Beaufort Sea from April to October 2014. Three of these collars collected both GPS and Argos locations (TGW-4689H-3, Telonics Inc., Mesa, Arizona, USA), while 2 of these collars collected only GPS locations (Iridium Track M, Lotek Wireless Inc., Newmarket, Ontario, Canada).

Purpose:

These data were collected to gain insights into the movement patterns, behaviors, and energetics of adult female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea from April to October in 2014.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20140410
Ending_Date: 20140930

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: southern Beaufort Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.962169
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -140.484500
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 75.332492
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.020500

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC240

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Marine mammals
Theme_Keyword: Mammalian physiology
Theme_Keyword: Energetics

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals
Theme_Keyword: Animal tracking
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Bears
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife biology
Theme_Keyword: Marine biology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Satellite telemetry
Theme_Keyword: System Argos
Theme_Keyword: Platform Transmitter Terminal
Theme_Keyword: PTT
Theme_Keyword: GPS
Theme_Keyword: Satellite-linked GPS data logger

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Southern Beaufort Sea

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Single species
Taxonomic_Keywords: Animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: Mammals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Polar bear
Taxonomic_Keywords: Ursus maritimus

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:

Series_Name: ITIS
Issue_Identification: TSN 180542

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Retrieved May 2018; from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: http://www.itis.gov

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species identification was made by skilled observed in the field based on general appearance. Polar bears are not easily confused with other species.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus
Applicable_Common_Name: Polar bear
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180542

Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications referenced to this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, A.M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2176-0909)
Originator: Atwood, T.C. (ORCID:0000-0002-1971-3110)
Originator: Durner, G.M. (ORCID:0000-0002-3370-1191)
Originator: Williams, T.M.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

The seasonal energetic landscape of an apex marine carnivore, the polar bear

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecology
Issue_Identification: 101:e02959

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Ecological Society of America

Other_Citation_Details:

Pagano, A.M., Atwood, T.C., Durner, G.M., Williams, T.M. 2020. The seasonal energetic landscape of an apex marine carnivore, the polar bear. Ecology 101:e02959 doi:10.1002/ecy.2959

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2959

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

All polar bear Argos satellite locations were Doppler-shift derived and estimated by the Argos system (CLS; http://www.argos-system.org/manual/ ). The horizontal accuracy of those data was filtered by the Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) algorithm (Douglas et al 2012) Hybrid algorithm (MAXREDUN = 10 km). When applying the Douglas DAF filter with these parameters, Douglas et al 2012 (Table 2) estimated the 68th percentile for the horizontal error of Argos location classes 3, 2, 1, 0, A, B and Z as, respectively, 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, 6.8, 4.1, 7.6, and 4.7 km. Locations were also derived by on-board geographic positioning system (GPS) receivers whose horizontal accuracy has been estimated as 30 m.

Latitude and longitude estimated by Argos are reported to 3 decimal places. Latitude and longitude estimated by GPS and reported by Argos are reported to 6 decimal places.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

We performed an initial filter to remove implausible Doppler locations using the Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) algorithm (Douglas et al 2012). DAF retained all standard-quality locations (Argos location classes 3, 2, and 1), and auxiliary location classes (0, A, B and Z) when corroborated by a consecutive location within a 10 km radius, or when movement rates were <10 km hr-1 and the internal angles (α, in degrees) formed by preceding and subsequent vectors (of lengths d1 and d2 km) were not suspiciously acute (α > -25 + β × ln[minimum (d1,d2)], where β = 15). We assigned β = 15 because it performed well for our specific tracking data across seasons and regions.

Completeness_Report:

Data set is complete. No data were omitted and there are no missing data.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Transmitter locations were determined by the Argos System with accuracy from < 250 m to > 1500 m (CLS; http://www.argos-system.org/manual/ ) or via the processing of global positioning system onboard the transmitter with accuracy of < 30 m.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Capture protocols were approved by the U.S. Geological Survey, (USGS) Alaska Science Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permit number MA690038.

Polar bears were captured and released on sea ice of the southern Beaufort Sea in April 2014. Polar bears were located from a helicopter and immobilized with a dart containing zolazepam-tiletamine (Telazol®) (Stirling et al. 1989). Only adult female bears (≥ 4 years old) were fitted with collars. We did not collar male bears because their necks are larger than their heads; therefore, they do not reliably retain collars.

We programmed Argos transmitters with a duty cycle of 4 hours starting at 18:00 GMT every 2 days to transmit digitally encoded messages that could be received by the Argos System (Argos, www.argos-system.org). We programmed tags (TGW-4689H-3, Telonics Inc., Mesa, Arizona, USA or Iridium Track M, Lotek Wireless Inc., Newmarket, Ontario, Canada) to estimate locations onboard with the use of a GPS to process a location estimate every 2 hours starting at 00:00 GMT, which were then retained in a memory bank onboard the collar. GPS location estimates were downloaded upon recovery of the collar.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Stirling, I.
Originator: Spencer, C.
Originator: Andriashek, D.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:

Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with Telazol® in the Canadian Arctic

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Issue_Identification: 25:159-168

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Lawrence, KS, USA
Publisher: Wildlife Disease Association

Other_Citation_Details:

Stirling, I., C. Spencer, and D. Andriashek. 1989. Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with Telazol® in the Canadian Arctic. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25:159–168.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.159

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Tomkiewicz, S.
Originator: Fuller, M.R.
Originator: Kie, J.G.
Originator: Bates, K.K.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:

Global positioning system and associated technologies in animal behaviour and ecological research

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Issue_Identification: 365:2163-2176

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: London, England
Publisher: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Other_Citation_Details:

Tomkiewicz, S., Fuller, M.R., Kie, J.G., Bates, K.K. 2010. Global positioning system and associated technologies in animal behaviour and ecological research. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365:2163-2176 doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0090

Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0090

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Originator: Weinzierl, R.
Originator: Davidson, S.C.
Originator: Kays, R.
Originator: Wikelski, M.
Originator: Bohrer, G.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title: Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 3(6):999-1007

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Other_Citation_Details:

Douglas, D.C., Weinzierl, R., Davidson, S.C., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., Bohrer, G. 2012. Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3(6):999-1007 doi:10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

We collected Argos satellite telemetry locations from 3 adult female polar bears from April to October 2014.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

We collected GPS satellite telemetry locations from 5 adult female polar bears from April to October 2014.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

We used the Douglas Argos-filter (Douglas et al. 2012) with the 'hybrid' option to filter Argos locations with an algorithm based on spatial redundancy, movement rates, and turning angles with a maximum redundant distance threshold (MAXREDUN) at 10 km and a maximum rate of 10 km/h and rejected locations at the apex of highly acute angles (RATECOEF = 15). We selected the location that was the highest quality per duty-cycle. GPS locations were not filtered.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: southern Beaufort Sea
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: polarBear_argosGPSLocations_alaska_pagano_2014
Entity_Type_Definition:

Satellite locations (both GPS and Doppler-derived System Argos locations) of 5 adult female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea from April to October 2014. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Bear
Attribute_Definition:

A unique identifier assigned to each bear in this dataset. Corresponds to the "Bear" attribute in the other table included with this data package.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Datetime
Attribute_Definition: The datetime when the location was obtained.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2014-04-10T02:00:38
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2014-09-30T22:00:30
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss (UTC)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: The latitude measurement from a satellite-linked transmitter.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 70.020500
Range_Domain_Maximum: 75.332492
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS 84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: The longitude measurement from a satellite-linked transmitter.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -158.962169
Range_Domain_Maximum: -140.484500
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS 84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LocationQuality
Attribute_Definition:

Index provided by Argos of the accuracy of the location estimate; in decreasing order: L3,L2,L1,L0,LA,LB,LZ. G represents location estimates derived by GPS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: L3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The location was obtained with 4 messages or more with an estimated error of <250m.