Measures of Oxygen Consumption and Kinematics of Captive Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) and Captive Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) while Resting and Walking in a Metabolic Chamber

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, Anthony M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2176-0909)
Publication_Date: 201806
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested citation: Pagano, A. M., 2018, Measures of Oxygen Consumption and Kinematics of Captive Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) and Captive Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) while Resting and Walking in a Metabolic Chamber: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QR4W91.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QR4W91
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center, Polar Bear Research Program
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:

Changing Arctic Ecosystems: The effects of declining sea ice on polar bear behaviors and energetic rates

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=379

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset contains measures of oxygen consumption and kinematic measures from 2 captive polar bears and 7 captive grizzly bears resting and walking in a metabolic chamber.

Purpose:

These data were collected to gain insights into the energy expenditure of polar bears and grizzly bears.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20170425
Ending_Date: 20170623

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC183

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals
Theme_Keyword: Mammalia
Theme_Keyword: Mammalian physiology
Theme_Keyword: Energetics
Theme_Keyword: Kinematics

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keywords Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: mammals
Theme_Keyword: vertebrates

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Theme_Keyword: Ursus maritimus
Theme_Keyword: Ursus arctos

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: single species
Taxonomic_Keywords: animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: mammals

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Alfred L. Gardner
Originator: W. Christopher Wozencraft
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title: Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Integrated Taxonomic Classification System
Issue_Identification: 180542

Online_Linkage:

https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180542

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Alfred L. Gardner
Originator: W. Christopher Wozencraft
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title: Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Integrated Taxonomic Classification System
Issue_Identification: 180543

Online_Linkage:

https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180543

Taxonomic_Procedures: none

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus

Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:

For purposes of publication or dissemination, citations or credit should be given to the author and the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate limitations, restrictions or intended use.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Pagano, Anthony M.
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit: San Diego Zoo, Oregon Zoo, and Washington State University
Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, Anthony M.
Originator: Carnahan, Anthony M.
Originator: Robbins, Charles T.
Originator: Owen, Megan A.
Originator: Batson, Tammy
Originator: Wagner, Nate
Originator: Cutting, Amy
Originator: Nicassio, Nicole
Originator: Hash, Amy
Originator: Williams, Terrie M.
Publication_Date: 20180619
Title:

Energetic costs of locomotion in bears: Is plantigrade locomotion energetically economical?

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Experimental Biology
Issue_Identification: Vol. 221 No. 12, jeb175372

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Other_Citation_Details:

Anthony M. Pagano, Anthony M. Carnahan, Charles T. Robbins, Megan A. Owen, Tammy Batson, Nate Wagner, Amy Cutting, Nicole Nicassio-Hiskey, Amy Hash, Terrie M. Williams Journal of Experimental Biology 2018 221: jeb175372 doi: 10.1242/jeb.175372 Published 19 June 2018

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175372

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable.
Completeness_Report: Data set is considered complete for the information presented.
Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Fractional concentration of oxgyen measured by an oxygen analyzer. Air was pulled from a metabolic chamber using a vacuum pump (FlowKit Mass Flow Controller, Sable Systems International, Inc., Las Vegas, NV) at 700 L/min. Sub-samples of air from the exhaust port of the chamber were drawn through a series of 6 columns, bi-alternatingly filled with desiccant (Drierite, W. A. Hammond Drierite, Xenia, OH) and scrubbed of carbon dioxide (Sodasorb, W.R. Grace & Co, Chicago, IL) before entering the oxygen analyzer (Sable Systems International, Inc.).

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Lighton, J.R.B.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title: Measuring Metabolic Rates: a Manual for Scientists
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Book
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: New York, NY
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Stride length and stride frequency were measured using video from a high-definition video camera (Sony video camera, HDR-CX260V, 1080 HD, 60p) positioned perpendicular to the treadmill and analyzed with video editing and motion analysis software (Corel Video Studio Pro X5, Corel Corp., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ProAnalyst,Xcitex, Woburn, MA, USA). Stride frequency was measured as the average interval for 25 cycles of the front right foot.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Heglund, N.C., and C.R. Taylor
Publication_Date: 1988
Title:

Speed, stride frequency and energy cost per stride: How do they change with body size and gait?

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Journal Article
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: London, England
Publisher: Journal of Experimental Biology

Other_Citation_Details: 138:301-318

Process_Step:

Process_Description: No process steps have been described for this data set
Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: San Diego Zoo, Oregon Zoo, and Washington State University
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: PolarBear_and_GrizzlyBear_cost_of_locomotion_data
Entity_Type_Definition:

Percent oxygen concentration measures from 2 polar bears and 7 brown bears.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition:

Indicates whether measurements were collected from a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) or grizzly bear (Ursus arctos).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Polar
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Measurements collected from a polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Grizzly
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Measurements collected from a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Bear
Attribute_Definition: Sample identifier.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Behavior
Attribute_Definition:

Indicates whether the animal was resting or walking during measurements.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: rest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Measurements were collected while the animal rested while lying in sternal recumbency within a metabolic chamber.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: walk
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Measurements were collected while the animal walked on a treadmill within a metabolic chamber.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Speed
Attribute_Definition: Speed at which the animal walked in km/hr
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.572
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: km/hr

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Postabsorptive
Attribute_Definition:

Indicates whether measurements were collected following an overnight fast or after the animal had eaten within the past 12 hours.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Measurements were collected following an overnight fast.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Measurements were collected after the animal had recently eaten.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Stride Frequency
Attribute_Definition:

Average interval for 25 cycles of the front right foot while walking in strides/sec.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.296
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.026
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: strides/sec

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Stride Length
Attribute_Definition:

Average distance the front right foot travels during a stride (m).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.727
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.498
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Body_Mass
Attribute_Definition: Total body mass of the bear in kg.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 95.3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 253
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kg.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Air_Temperature
Attribute_Definition:

Air temperature within the metabolic chamber during measurements.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 18.6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 34.3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Relative_Humidity
Attribute_Definition:

Relative humidity within the metabolic chamber during measurements.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 30.7
Range_Domain_Maximum: 85.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pressure
Attribute_Definition: Barometric pressure recorded during measurements.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 695.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 753.2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmHg (Torr)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Flow_Rate
Attribute_Definition:

Measured excurrent flow rate at standard temperature pressure (STP).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 700
Range_Domain_Maximum: 700
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Liters/Minute

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FI_O2_Start
Attribute_Definition:

Fractional concentration of oxygen at the start of the experiment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.9250
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.9700
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FI_O2_End
Attribute_Definition: Fractional concentration of oxygen following the experiment.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.8490
Range_Domain_Maximum: 21.0550
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FEO2
Attribute_Definition:

Mean fractional concentration of oxygen during the resting or walking measurement.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.5270
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.8990
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Resource_Description: Authoritative source for the data.
Distribution_Liability:

Although used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the U.S. government as to the accuracy of the data nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. It is strongly recommended that the data described or contained herein be acquired directly from the U. S. Geological Survey and not indirectly through some other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data, and aggregate use with other data. These data files and any derived products are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ZIP
Format_Version_Number: 19
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file containing the data in CSV format and metadata in XML and HTML formats.

File_Decompression_Technique: Winzip

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/10.5066/F7QR4W91

Access_Instructions:

You will be prompted to open or save a zipped file. When you open, you will specify a location to unzip the files to.

Fees: None

Measures of Oxygen Consumption and Kinematics of Captive Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) and Captive Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) while Resting and Walking in a Metabolic Chamber

Metadata: