Resting Metabolic Rates of a Captive Adult Female Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) at the San Diego Zoo.

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, Anthony M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2176-0909)
Publication_Date: 20180108
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name:

Metabolic Rate, Body Composition, Foraging Success, Behavior, and GPS Locations of Female Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus), Beaufort Sea, Spring, 2014-2016 and Resting Energetics of an Adult Female Polar Bear

Issue_Identification: .

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Pagano, A.M., 2018, Metabolic rate, body composition, foraging success, behavior, and GPS locations of female Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Beaufort Sea, spring, 2014-2016 and resting energetics of an adult female Polar bear: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XW4H0P

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XW4H0P
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:

USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems: The effects of declining sea ice on polar bear behaviors and energetic rates

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 379

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=379

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset contains measures of oxygen consumption from an adult female polar bear resting in a metabolic chamber.

Purpose:

These data were collected to gain insights into the energy expenditure of adult female polar bears.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20170205
Ending_Date: 20170208

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: San Diego Zoo
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.1611
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.1611
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.7157
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.7157

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC157

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears
Theme_Keyword: Species life history

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Marine mammals
Theme_Keyword: Metabolism
Theme_Keyword: Bioenergetics

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Polar Bear
Theme_Keyword: Ursus maritimus

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Mammals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Carnivore

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved June 27, 2023 from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Polar bears are easily distinguishable from other species by physical characteristics and habitat use patterns. In most cases, species was confirmed genetically.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No vouchers were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus
Applicable_Common_Name: Polar Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180542

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the suggested citation for this USGS data release be included in any publications that reference or utilize these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit: San Diego Zoo
Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, A.M.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Originator: Atkinson, S.N.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Evaluating Methods to Assess the Body Condition of Female Polar Bears

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ursus
Issue_Identification: 28(2):171-181

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: BioOne

Other_Citation_Details:

Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., Atkinson, S.N., 2017. Evaluating methods to assess the body condition of female polar bears. Ursus 28(2):171-181 doi:10.2192/URSU-D-16-00029.1

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2192/URSU-D-16-00029.1

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Pagano, A.M.
Originator: Durner, G.M.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Atkinson, S.N.
Originator: Peacock, E.
Originator: Costa, D.P.
Originator: Owen, M.A.
Originator: Williams, T.M.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:

High-Energy, High-Fat Lifestyle Challenges an Arctic Apex Predator, the Polar Bear

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Science
Issue_Identification: 359(6375):568-572

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Other_Citation_Details:

Pagano, A.M., Durner, G.M., Rode, K.D., Atwood, T.C., Atkinson, S.N., Peacock, E., Costa, D.P., Owen, M.A., Williams, T.M., 2018. High-energy, high-fat lifestyle challenges an Arctic apex predator, the polar bear. Science 359(6375):568-572 doi:10.1126/science.aan8677

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8677

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Penk, S.R.
Originator: Sadana, P.
Originator: Archer, L.C.
Originator: Pagano, A.M.
Originator: Cattet, M.R.L.
Originator: Lunn, N.J.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Originator: Molnar, P.K.
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:

A Body Composition Model with Multiple Storage Compartments for Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Conservation Physiology
Issue_Identification: 11(1):coad043

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford Academic

Other_Citation_Details:

Penk, S.R., Sadana, P., Archer, L.C., Pagano, A.M., Cattet, M.R.L., Lunn, N.J., Thiemann, G.W., Molnar, P.K., 2023. A body composition model with multiple storage compartments for polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Conservation Physiology 11(1):coad043 doi:10.1093/conphys/coad043

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad043

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Carnahan, A.M.
Originator: Pagano, A.M.
Originator: Christian, A.L.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Originator: Robbins, C.T.
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:

Ursids Evolved Dietary Diversity Without Major Alterations in Metabolic Rates

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Scientific Reports
Issue_Identification: 14:4751

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Springer Nature

Other_Citation_Details:

Carnahan, A.M., Pagano, A.M., Christian, A.L., Rode, K.D., Robbins, C.T., 2024. Ursids evolved dietary diversity without major alterations in metabolic rates. Scientific Reports 14:4751 doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55549-w

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55549-w

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

The entire O2 system was calibrated prior to measurements with dry ambient air (20.95% O2) and on 2 of the 3 days with dry N2 gas.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Attribute values fell within expected ranges.
Completeness_Report: There are no missing data and no records were omitted.
Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Fractional concentration of oxgyen measured by an oxygen analyzer. Air was pulled from a metabolic chamber using a vacuum pump (FlowKit Mass Flow Controller, Sable Systems International, Inc., Las Vegas, NV) at 450 – 500 L•min-1. Sub-samples of air from the exhaust port of the chamber were drawn through a series of 6 columns, bi-alternatingly filled with desiccant (Drierite, W. A. Hammond Drierite, Xenia, OH) and scrubbed of carbon dioxide (Sodasorb, W.R. Grace and Co, Chicago, IL) before entering the oxygen analyzer (Sable Systems International, Inc.).

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Lighton, J.R.B.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title: Measuring Metabolic Rates: a Manual for Scientists
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Book
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: New York, NY
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Other_Citation_Details:

Lighton, J.R.B., 2008. Measuring Metabolic Rates: a Manual for Scientists. Oxford University Press. doi10.1093/oso/9780198830399.001.0001

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.001.0001

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The fractional concentration of oxgyen was measured by an oxygen analyzer (Sable Systems International, Inc., Las Vegas, NV) while an adult female polar bear laid in sternal recumbency and rested for 11-13 minutes while receiving food (i.e., meat and fish) every 20 seconds. Food intake per session ranged from 728 – 963 g. We calibrated the entire system prior to measurements with dry ambient air (20.95% O2) and on 2 of the 3 days with dry N2 gas.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: San Diego Zoo

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: PolarBear_resting_metabolic_rate_data_2017.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Percent oxygen concentration measures from an adult female polar bear. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Body_Mass
Attribute_Definition: Total body mass of the bear in kg.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 264
Range_Domain_Maximum: 264
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kg

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Air_Temperature
Attribute_Definition:

Air temperature within the metabolic chamber during measurements.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 15.9
Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.6
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Relative_Humidity
Attribute_Definition:

Relative humidity within the metabolic chamber during measurements.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 86.3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.9
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: %

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pressure
Attribute_Definition: Barometric pressure recorded during measurements.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 758.2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 760.8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmHg (Torr)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Flow_Rate
Attribute_Definition:

Measured excurrent flow rate at standard temperature pressure (STP).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 450
Range_Domain_Maximum: 500
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Liters/Minute

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FI_O2_Start
Attribute_Definition:

Fractional concentration of oxygen at the start of the experiment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.944
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.955
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: %

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FI_O2_End
Attribute_Definition: Fractional concentration of oxygen following the experiment.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.912
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.962
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: %

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FEO2
Attribute_Definition:

Mean fractional concentration of oxygen during the resting measurement.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.683
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.740
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: %

Resting Metabolic Rates of a Captive Adult Female Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) at the San Diego Zoo.

Metadata: