Recreation Survey Results in Brown Bear Habitats, 2013

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jennifer K. Fortin-Noreus
Publication_Date: 2015
Title: Recreation Survey Results in Brown Bear Habitats, 2013
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Fortin-Noreus, J. K., 2015, Recreation Survey Results in Brown Bear Habitats, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F71V5C1F.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F71V5C1F
Description:
Abstract:
These data are the results of a modified Delphi survey in which expert opinion was solicited on the occurrence and frequency of recreational activities in brown bear habitats and their potential impacts. Twelve bear experts were surveyed and identified by either 1) their scientific publications on the impacts of one or more human recreational activity on bears, or 2) their experience in managing bear populations impacted by human recreational activities. Respondents were asked to estimate the frequency of each identified recreational activity for the bear populations they have experience with, estimate the proportion of each specific bear population exposed to each activity, and indicate the potential impacts of recreational activities in those bear populations. The frequency of occurrence of a recreational activity category and the proportion of the bear population exposed are reported from the final survey. We report the percentage of experts that noted potential for an impact on reduced survival, decreased nutritional intake, displacement, and reduced reproduction.
Purpose:
The purpose of this data set was to better understand the occurrence of various recreational activities in brown bear habitats and their potential impacts.
Supplemental_Information:
We selected a group of experts based on their collectively wide geographical experience with North American and European brown bear populations. Experts responded about bear populations defined as: Coastal - North American brown bear populations that occupy coastal habitats (access to salmon and other coastal resources). Interior - North American brown bear populations that occupy interior habitats (limited or no access to salmon and other coastal resources). Europe - Brown bear populations anywhere in Europe.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 201312
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC43
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Delphi method
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S.G.S. Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: brown bears
Theme_Keyword: displacement
Theme_Keyword: habitats
Theme_Keyword: recreation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: human impacts
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Global Change Master Directory
Theme_Keyword: Human Dimensions
Theme_Keyword: Social Behavior
Theme_Keyword: Recreational Activities/Areas
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Europe
Place_Keyword: North America
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Taxonomic_Keywords: mammals
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus arctos
Applicable_Common_Name: brown bear
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use.
Data_Set_Credit:
We thank the National Park Service for initiating and participating in the study.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fortin-Noreus, J.K.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Originator: Hilderbrand, G.V.
Originator: Wilder, J.
Originator: Farley , S.
Originator: Jorgensen, C.
Originator: Marcot, B.G.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Impacts of human recreation on brown bears (Ursus arctos): a review and new management tool
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Other_Citation_Details:
Fortin JK, Rode KD, Hilderbrand GV, Wilder J, Farley S, Jorgensen C, et al. (2016) Impacts of Human Recreation on Brown Bears (Ursus arctos): A Review and New Management Tool. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0141983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141983
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141983
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable.
Completeness_Report:
The number of respondents for the three different categories of bear populations varied based on the availability of experts. Eight experts were available to respond regarding brown bears in interior North America, but only four experts were available for coastal North America and Europe.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
The traditional Delphi method proceeds with additional rounds until the panel reaches consensus. We used a modified Delphi process to elicit individual contributions including individual expressions of uncertainty in the results. Two advantages of using a modified Delphi survey method are the elimination of need for face-to-face contact and that the participants remain anonymous to each other, preventing domination by one or more individuals. The first two surveys consisted of qualitative rankings. The third and final survey round consisted of quantitative responses. The data were collected in 2013 and reflected the respondents perceptions of bear-human interactions only up until 2013. The data presented represent the final results after the third round of survey.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Marcot B.G.
Originator: Allen C.S.
Originator: Morey S.
Originator: Shively D.
Originator: White R.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
An expert panel approach to assessing potential effects of bull trout reintroduction on federally listed salmonids in the Clackamas River, Oregon.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Other_Citation_Details: North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32: 450–465
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Delberq A. L.
Originator: Van de Ven A.H.
Originator: Gustafson D.H.
Publication_Date: 1975
Title:
Group techniques for program planning: a guide to nominal group and Delphi processes.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Glenview, Illinois, USA
Publisher: Scott, Foresman and Company
Other_Citation_Details: Scott Foresman and Company, Glenview, Illinois 174 p.
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Not applicable.
Process_Date: Unknown
Cloud_Cover: Unknown
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: FREQUENCY
Entity_Type_Definition:
A summary of survey results of expert opinions of the frequency of various recreational activities in bear habitats.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:
A region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) containing bear habitats which were the subject of this study.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: E, C, I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
E = European bear habitat, C = North American coastal bear habitat, I = North American interior bear habitat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: recreation type
Attribute_Definition:
The type of recreational activity listed in a survey that might occur in bear habitat being considered by the expert survey respondent. In the first round of the survey activities were suggested by the author. Respondents provided additional activities to include that were then incorporated into subsequent survey rounds.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value:
Angling, Regulated bear-viewing, Unregulated bear-viewing, Bear hunting, Other hunting, Hiking, Off-trail hiking, Camping, Photography, Helicopters, Snow machining, Fixed-winged aircraft, ATV Use
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Angling = The human activity of fishing, Regulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in a regulated setting, Unregulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in an unregulated setting, Bear hunting = The human activity of hunting bears, Other hunting = The human activity of hunting any animal other than bears, Hiking = The human activity of hiking on trails, Off-trail hiking = The human activity of hiking off-trails, Camping = The human activity of camping, Photography The human activity of taking photos, Helicopters = The human activity of operating helicopters, Snow machining = The human activity of riding snow mobiles, Fixed-winged aircraft = The human activity of operating aircraft with fixed wings, ATV Use = The human activity of operating all-terrain vehicles
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: respondent 1-8
Attribute_Definition:
A ranking by each expert concerning the frequency of occurrence of each recreational activity. There are 4-8 columns of responses from different experts who were surveyed. Respondent number within a region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) were the same individuals, but there were different respondents for the three regions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, 2, 3, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
0 = does not occur, 1 = rare, 2 = common, 3 = very common, NA = Not applicable / no respondent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: mean
Attribute_Definition:
The average value of survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: standard deviation
Attribute_Definition:
The standard deviation from the mean of survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.5
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: median
Attribute_Definition:
The mid-point value of survey responses for a recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CV
Attribute_Definition:
The coefficient of variation of survey responses for one recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: PERCENT_POPULATION_EXPOSED
Entity_Type_Definition:
A summary of survey results of expert opinions about the percentage of a bear population that is exposed to various human recreational activities.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:
A region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) containing bear habitats which were the subject of this study.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: E, C, I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
E = Europe, C = North American coastal, I = North American interior
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: recreation type
Attribute_Definition:
The type of recreational activity listed in a survey that might occur in bear habitat being considered by the expert survey respondent. In the first round of the survey activities were suggested by the author. Respondents provided additional activities to include that were then incorporated into subsequent survey rounds.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value:
Angling, Regulated bear-viewing, Unregulated bear-viewing, Bear hunting, Other hunting, Hiking, Off-trail hiking, Camping, Photography, Helicopters, Snow machining, Fixed-winged aircraft, ATV Use
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Angling = The human activity of fishing, Regulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in a regulated setting, Unregulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in an unregulated setting, Bear hunting = The human activity of hunting bears, Other hunting = The human activity of hunting any animal other than bears, Hiking = The human activity of hiking on trails, Off-trail hiking = The human activity of hiking off-trails, Camping = The human activity of camping, Photography The human activity of taking photos, Helicopters = The human activity of operating helicopters, Snow machining = The human activity of riding snow mobiles, Fixed-winged aircraft = The human activity of operating aircraft with fixed wings, ATV Use = The human activity of operating all-terrain vehicles
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: respondent 1-8
Attribute_Definition:
A ranking by each expert concerning the frequency of occurrence of each recreational activity. There are 4-8 columns of responses from different experts who were surveyed. Respondent number within a region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) were the same individuals, but there were different respondents for the three regions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
0 = does not occur, 1 = 0-5%, 2 = 5-35%, 3 = 35-65%, 4 = 65-95%, 5 = 95-100%, NA = Not applicable / no respondent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: mean
Attribute_Definition:
The average value of survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.75
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: standard deviation
Attribute_Definition:
The standard deviation from the mean of survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.5
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: median
Attribute_Definition:
The mid-point value of survey responses for a recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: None
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CV
Attribute_Definition:
The coefficient of variation of survey responses for one recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: REDUCED SURVIVAL
Entity_Type_Definition:
Survey results regarding whether the listed recreation affects bears in the populations by reducing survival.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:
A region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) containing bear habitats which were the subject of this study.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: E, C, I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
E = Europe, C = North American coastal, I = North American interior
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: recreation type
Attribute_Definition:
The type of recreational activity listed in a survey that might occur in bear habitat being considered by the expert survey respondent. In the first round of the survey activities were suggested by the author. Respondents provided additional activities to include that were then incorporated into subsequent survey rounds.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value:
Angling, Regulated bear-viewing, Unregulated bear-viewing, Bear hunting, Other hunting, Hiking, Off-trail hiking, Camping, Photography, Helicopters, Snow machining, Fixed-winged aircraft, ATV Use
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Angling = The human activity of fishing, Regulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in a regulated setting, Unregulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in an unregulated setting, Bear hunting = The human activity of hunting bears, Other hunting = The human activity of hunting any animal other than bears, Hiking = The human activity of hiking on trails, Off-trail hiking = The human activity of hiking off-trails, Camping = The human activity of camping, Photography The human activity of taking photos, Helicopters = The human activity of operating helicopters, Snow machining = The human activity of riding snow mobiles, Fixed-winged aircraft = The human activity of operating aircraft with fixed wings, ATV Use = The human activity of operating all-terrain vehicles
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: respondent 1-8
Attribute_Definition:
A ranking by each expert concerning the frequency of occurrence of each recreational activity. There are 4-8 columns of responses from different experts who were surveyed. Respondent number within a region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) were the same individuals, but there were different respondents for the three regions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y, N, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Y = Yes, N = No, NA = Not applicable / no respondent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Yes
Attribute_Definition:
The total number of positive (yes) survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: % yes
Attribute_Definition:
The percentage of positive survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: DECREASED NUTRITIONAL INTAKE
Entity_Type_Definition:
Survey results regarding whether the listed recreation affects bears in the populations by decreasing nutritional intake.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:
A region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) containing bear habitats which were the subject of this study.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: E, C, I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
E = Europe, C = North American coastal, I = North American interior
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: recreation type
Attribute_Definition:
The type of recreational activity listed in a survey that might occur in bear habitat being considered by the expert survey respondent. In the first round of the survey activities were suggested by the author. Respondents provided additional activities to include that were then incorporated into subsequent survey rounds.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value:
Angling, Regulated bear-viewing, Unregulated bear-viewing, Bear hunting, Other hunting, Hiking, Off-trail hiking, Camping, Photography, Helicopters, Snow machining, Fixed-winged aircraft, ATV Use
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Angling = The human activity of fishing, Regulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in a regulated setting, Unregulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in an unregulated setting, Bear hunting = The human activity of hunting bears, Other hunting = The human activity of hunting any animal other than bears, Hiking = The human activity of hiking on trails, Off-trail hiking = The human activity of hiking off-trails, Camping = The human activity of camping, Photography The human activity of taking photos, Helicopters = The human activity of operating helicopters, Snow machining = The human activity of riding snow mobiles, Fixed-winged aircraft = The human activity of operating aircraft with fixed wings, ATV Use = The human activity of operating all-terrain vehicles
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: respondent 1-8
Attribute_Definition:
A ranking by each expert concerning the frequency of occurrence of each recreational activity. There are 4-8 columns of responses from different experts who were surveyed. Respondent number within a region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) were the same individuals, but there were different respondents for the three regions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y, N. NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Y = Yes, N = No, NA = Not applicable / no respondent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Yes
Attribute_Definition:
The total number of positive survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: % yes
Attribute_Definition:
The percentage of positive (yes) survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: DISPLACEMENT
Entity_Type_Definition:
Survey results regarding whether the listed recreation affects bears in the populations by displacing bears from habitat.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:
A region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) containing bear habitats which were the subject of this study.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: E, C, I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
E = Europe, C = North American coastal, I = North American interior
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: recreation type
Attribute_Definition:
The type of recreational activity listed in a survey that might occur in bear habitat being considered by the expert survey respondent. In the first round of the survey activities were suggested by the author. Respondents provided additional activities to include that were then incorporated into subsequent survey rounds.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value:
Angling, Regulated bear-viewing, Unregulated bear-viewing, Bear hunting, Other hunting, Hiking, Off-trail hiking, Camping, Photography, Helicopters, Snow machining, Fixed-winged aircraft, ATV Use
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Angling = The human activity of fishing, Regulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in a regulated setting, Unregulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in an unregulated setting, Bear hunting = The human activity of hunting bears, Other hunting = The human activity of hunting any animal other than bears, Hiking = The human activity of hiking on trails, Off-trail hiking = The human activity of hiking off-trails, Camping = The human activity of camping, Photography The human activity of taking photos, Helicopters = The human activity of operating helicopters, Snow machining = The human activity of riding snow mobiles, Fixed-winged aircraft = The human activity of operating aircraft with fixed wings, ATV Use = The human activity of operating all-terrain vehicles
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: respondent 1-8
Attribute_Definition:
A ranking by each expert concerning the frequency of occurrence of each recreational activity. There are 4-8 columns of responses from different experts who were surveyed. Respondent number within a region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) were the same individuals, but there were different respondents for the three regions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y, N, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Y = Yes, N = No, NA = Not applicable / no respondent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Yes
Attribute_Definition:
The total number of positive (yes) survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 6
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: % yes
Attribute_Definition:
The percentage of positive survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: REDUCED REPRODUCTION
Entity_Type_Definition:
Survey results regarding whether the listed recreation affects bears in the populations by reducing reproduction.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: location
Attribute_Definition:
A region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) containing bear habitats which were the subject of this study.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: E, C, I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
E = Europe, C = North American coastal, I = North American interior
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: recreation type
Attribute_Definition:
The type of recreational activity listed in a survey that might occur in bear habitat being considered by the expert survey respondent. In the first round of the survey activities were suggested by the author. Respondents provided additional activities to include that were then incorporated into subsequent survey rounds.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value:
Angling, Regulated bear-viewing, Unregulated bear-viewing, Bear hunting, Other hunting, Hiking, Off-trail hiking, Camping, Photography, Helicopters, Snow machining, Fixed-winged aircraft, ATV Use
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Angling = The human activity of fishing, Regulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in a regulated setting, Unregulated bear-viewing = The human activity of bear-viewing in an unregulated setting, Bear hunting = The human activity of hunting bears, Other hunting = The human activity of hunting any animal other than bears, Hiking = The human activity of hiking on trails, Off-trail hiking = The human activity of hiking off-trails, Camping = The human activity of camping, Photography The human activity of taking photos, Helicopters = The human activity of operating helicopters, Snow machining = The human activity of riding snow mobiles, Fixed-winged aircraft = The human activity of operating aircraft with fixed wings, ATV Use = The human activity of operating all-terrain vehicles
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: respondent 1-8
Attribute_Definition:
A ranking by each expert concerning the frequency of occurrence of each recreational activity. There are 4-8 columns of responses from different experts who were surveyed. Respondent number within a region (e.g., Europe, North American interior, etc.) were the same individuals, but there were different respondents for the three regions.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y, N, NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Y = Yes, N = No, NA = Not applicable / no respondent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Yes
Attribute_Definition:
The total number of positive (yes) survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: % yes
Attribute_Definition:
The percentage of positive survey responses for this recreational activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.5
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: zip
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F71V5C1F
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201125
Metadata_Review_Date: 20180111
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Generated by mp version 2.9.45 on Thu Jan 11 11:33:38 2018