Radiocarbon Data for Tree Ring Samples from Girdwood, Alaska

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Witter, Robert C. (ORCID: 0000-0002-1721-254X)
Originator: Barclay, David J. (ORCID: 0009-0007-9629-3731)
Originator: Haeussler, Peter J. (ORCID: 0000-0002-1503-6247)
Publication_Date: 20231109
Title: Radiocarbon Data for Tree Ring Samples from Girdwood, Alaska
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Witter, R.C., Barclay, D.J., Haeussler, P.J., 2023, Radiocarbon data for tree ring samples from Girdwood, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F4D7DP

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F4D7DP
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2007
Title: Alaska Earthquake Hazards
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 33

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=33

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset consists of sample details and radiocarbon age data of tree-ring samples collected near Girdwood, Alaska, and analyzed at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility.

Purpose:

The data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted to estimate the timing of the penultimate megathrust earthquake, i.e., the most recent megathrust earthquake prior to the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake, in the Prince William Sound region, Alaska.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2023

Currentness_Reference: publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -149.1847
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -149.1551
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.9402
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.9317

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC569

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Coastal processes
Theme_Keyword: Earth science
Theme_Keyword: Tectonic processes

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Geology
Theme_Keyword: Hazards
Theme_Keyword: Earthquakes
Theme_Keyword: Carbon-14 analysis

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Girdwood

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Barclay, D.J.
Originator: Haeussler, P.J.
Originator: Witter, R.C.
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:

Dating the Penultimate Great Earthquake in South-Central Alaska Using Tree-Ring Crossdating and Radiocarbon Wiggle-Matching

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Quaternary Science Advances
Issue_Identification: 13:100142

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Elsevier

Other_Citation_Details:

Barclay, D.J., Haeussler, P.J., Witter, R.C., 2024. Dating the penultimate great earthquake in south-central Alaska using tree-ring crossdating and radiocarbon wiggle-matching. Quaternary Science Advances 13:100142 doi:10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100142

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100142

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Barclay, D.J.
Originator: Haeussler, P.J.
Originator: Witter, R.C.
Publication_Date: 2023
Title: WiggleMatch: a Spreadsheet for Radiocarbon Wiggle-Matching
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey software release
Issue_Identification: 10.5066/P943CGPB

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Barclay, D.J., Witter, R.C., Haeussler, P.J., 2023. WiggleMatch: a spreadsheet for radiocarbon wiggle-matching (ver 1.0.0, November 2023): U.S. Geological Survey software release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P943CGPB

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P943CGPB

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Data presented in the radiocarbon table were visually checked for inaccuracies by the lab analysts and the authors. Formal tests, such as the running of standards or duplicate samples, were not performed.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Attribute values fall within expected ranges.
Completeness_Report:

This data set is complete; no data were omitted. This data set is as presented by the laboratory and augmented by the authors.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Locations are generalized from GoogleEarth based on the outcrop area from which the tree ring samples were obtained.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Olsson, I.U.
Publication_Date: 1970
Title: The use of Oxalic acid as a Standard
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Radiocarbon Variations and Absolute Chronology, Nobel Symposium
Issue_Identification: 12th Proc.

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: New York
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Olsson, I.U., 1970. The use of Oxalic acid as a Standard. in Olsson, I.U. (ed.), Radiocarbon Variations and Absolute Chronology, Nobel Symposium, 12th Proc., John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 17.

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1970

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Olsson 1970
Source_Contribution: Describes use of oxalic acid in radiocarbon dating.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Near Girdwood, Alaska, we identified subfossil stumps, now in the intertidal zone, rooted in a buried soil below the forest bed that records subsidence during the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake. Using a chainsaw, we cut slabs of stumps with well-preserved tree rings, including the outer ring and bark, if present.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Samples for radiocarbon dating were portions of the thickest, individual tree rings collected from the stump slabs.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Samples for radiocarbon dating were portions of individual tree rings collected from subfossil stumps now in the intertidal zone near Girdwood, Alaska.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Olsson 1970
Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Sample results are Fraction Modern (Fm) ratios (i.e., the deviation from 'Modern' of the C-14/C-12 ratio in a sample). Modern is defined as 95% of the radiocarbon concentration of NBS Oxalic Acid I (SRM 4990B, OX-I) in AD 1950, normalized to delta13CVPDB = -19 per mil (Olsson, 1970). An external Fm error was calculated from the reproducibility of multiple exposures for a given target. The C-14/C-12 of a sample is measured 10 separate times over the course of a run. The final reported error is the larger of the internal or external error, propagated with errors from the normalizing standards and blank subtraction.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Radiocarbon age (annual resolution) of individual tree ring samples was calculated as follows: Age = -8033 x ln(Fm). Age is reported in radiocarbon years before 1950 (C-14 yr BP) unless Fraction Modern is >1 (i.e., later than 1950). The dataset reports one-sigma, analytic ages in radiocarbon years before 1950 (14C yr BP).

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: radioCarbonAge_treeRings_girdwood_witter.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table with sample details and C-14 age analysis results. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Receipt_no
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identifier, the sample receipt number assigned by the by National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique identifier, the sample receipt number assigned by NOSAMS.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date_reported
Attribute_Definition: Date when NOSAMS reported the results.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2012-06-19
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2022-03-03
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sample_id
Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier of the sample provided by USGS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique identifier of the sample provided by USGS; a concatenation of: GP, Girdwood Project; S1, s1, or similar, sample number; other description of sample analyzed (e.g., tree ring number).

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Type
Attribute_Definition:

NOSAMS sample type category. All samples analyzed are organic material from plants, including wood.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Plant/Wood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

All samples analyzed are organic material from plants, including wood.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Process
Attribute_Definition:

NOSAMS pretreatment and combustion process. Pretreatment involves a series of heated acid-based-acid leaches to remove inorganic carbon and mobile organic acid phases. Following pretreatment, organic carbon samples undergo combustion at high temperature.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: (OC) Organic carbon

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Accession_no
Attribute_Definition:

The unique Accession number is an internal lab identifier. 'OS' identifies NOSAMS, the facility that analyzed the samples.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Internal lab identifier

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: F_modern
Attribute_Definition:

Fraction Modern is a measurement of the deviation of the C-14/C-12 ratio of a sample from 'Modern'. Modern is defined as 95% of the radiocarbon concentration (in AD 1950) of NBS Oxalic Acid I (SRM 4990B, OX-I) normalized to delta13CVPDB = -19 per mil (Olsson, 1970).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.8795
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.8945
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FM_err
Attribute_Definition:

Fraction Modern error. An external error calculated from the reproducibility of multiple exposures for a given target. The C-14/C-12 of a sample is measured 10 separate times over the course of a run. The final reported error is the larger of the internal or external error, propagated with errors from the normalizing standards and blank subtraction.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0017
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.0024
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition:

Radiocarbon age (rounded) calculated with the formula: Age = -8033 x ln(Fm). The radiocarbon result was corrected for isotopic fractionation using unreported delta C-13 values measured on the accelerator and reported in radiocarbon years before 1950 (C-14 yr BP) except when Fraction Modern is >1 (>Modern).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 896
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1031
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Radiocarbon years (rounded) before 1950 CE

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Age_err
Attribute_Definition:

Radiocarbon age error (1 sigma) for the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry method of radiocarbon analysis. An internal statistical error determined by using the total number of C-14 counts measured for each target. Calculated with the formula: Age_err = FM-err / F_modern x 8033

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Radiocarbon years (rounded) before 1950 CE

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude estimated generally from GoogleEarth.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 60.9345
Range_Domain_Maximum: 60.9345
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: Longitude estimated generally from GoogleEarth.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -149.1708
Range_Domain_Maximum: -149.1708
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Material_dated
Attribute_Definition:

Description of sample material submitted for radiocarbon dating and geologic context.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Description of sample material submitted for radiocarbon dating and geologic context.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Weight_mg
Attribute_Definition: Dried weight of sample in milligrams.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 239
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Milligrams

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source and distributor of these data.

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: CSV
Format_Information_Content:

Data are distributed in a Zip package containing data in CSV format and FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats.

File_Decompression_Technique:

Compression applied by the 7-Zip utility using the default compression level [5]. The Zip package can be decompressed and unpacked by open source or commercially available unzip tools.

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F4D7DP

Fees: None

Radiocarbon Data for Tree Ring Samples from Girdwood, Alaska

Metadata: