Breeding Biology of Loon and Waterfowl Species on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska during 1973-1975

This data package presents legacy loon and waterfowl breeding biology data collected at study sites near the Old Chevak Field Station on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (formerly the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range), Alaska during the summers of 1973 through 1975. These data were collected to provide a basis for the evaluation of long-term changes in loon (Pacific and Red-throated Loon) biology on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. Additional data corresponding to waterfowl breeding biology, habitat classification and fish sampling are also provided in this data release.

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loons: Folder Overview [168 MB]
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original field data sheets, notebooks, maps, and figures of Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon behavior, body composition, brood monitoring, chick measurements, egg measurements, nest monitoring, general observations including weather conditions, and pond habitat use. All data were collected within the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). Presented as PDF format (documents) and CSV tables. Years of data collection: 1973, 1974, and 1975. No attributes are described for this entity.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Behavior (NOTES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original notebooks of Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon behavior observation on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [551 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Body Composition (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original body composition data of Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon collected (deceased specimens) on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). Data includes liver and breast weights and fat content. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [1.90 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Brood Monitoring (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original brood monitoring data of breeding Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [938 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Chick Measurements (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original chick measurement data of Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [1.58 MB]. See "transcribedData_loon_chickMeasurements_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv" for a table of chick measurement data from 1974 and 1975. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Loon: Chick Measurements (TRANSCRIBED DATA): transcribedData_loon_chickMeasurements_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv

Entity_Type_Definition:

This data set contains chick capture and measurement data recorded during visits to ponds used by breeding Arctic [Pacific Loons] and Red-throated Loons in study plots near the Old Chevak Field Station on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (now Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge), Alaska during the summers of 1974 and 1975. This data set includes the study area identification number, date the measurements were made, year, species, plot, nest ID, and measurements of chicks. These data provide a basis for evaluation of long-term changes in loon biology on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, western Alaska. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date when the loon chick(s) were measured.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1974-06-19
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1975-08-23
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition:

Loon species code. Alphabetic (“alpha”) codes were developed by IBP (Institute for Bird Populations) based on abbreviations of the bird’s English or scientific name. The set of four-letter (for English common names) and six-letter (for scientific names) species alpha codes reflect current American Ornithological Union (AOU) taxonomy and nomenclature. These codes are required by USGS, Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for all banding and marking studies.

Attribute_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: PALO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pacific Loon (originally recorded as ARLO [Arctic Loon])
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: RTLO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Red-throated Loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NestID_Location
Attribute_Definition:

The identification number of a pond within a plot or study location where a nest or chicks were found. The pond number within a plot (e.g., 8-2 = pond eight in plot two; 12-C-2 = section C of pond 12 in plot 2) yields the pond ID (hence nest ID). The pond ID (pond number and plot) remains the same for all years. Nests found elsewhere off the loon study areas are identified by location.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The identification number of a pond within a plot or study location where a nest or chicks were found.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rankin Slough
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Rankin Slough or Tutakoke River Site (approximately 61.23 N, 165.55 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Plot
Attribute_Definition:

A specific geographic area within the study area where loon nests searching occurred. The study area is divided into eight plots. The boundaries of each plot were often delineated by small sloughs, major habitat change, or those of a previous study.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northeast of Old Chevak (approximately 61.43 N, 165.42 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: East of Old Chevak (approximately 61.43 N, 165.40 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southeast of Old Chevak (approximately 61.42 N, 165.40 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South of Old Chevak and the Kashunuk River (approximately 61.41 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South of Old Chevak and Plot 6 (see above) (approximately 61.39 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southwest of Old Chevak (approximately 61.39 N, 165.48 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 99
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The plot is either out of the boundaries of the loon study area or the nest is located in a plot that is not linked to a pond.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Web_Tag
Attribute_Definition:

Three-digit number of the fingerling tag placed in the web of a new chick. Each chick has a unique number, however, some chicks were recaptured, therefore, web tag numbers may appear more than once. Blank cells indicate that the chick was not given a web tag or the chick was too young to receive a web tag.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Three-digit number of the fingerling tag placed in the web of a new chick.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Band_Suffix
Attribute_Definition:

Five-digit suffix (with leading zero) of the USGS metal band attached to the leg of each loon chick. Blank cells indicate that the chick was not banded or the chick was too young to receive a metal band.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Five-digit suffix of the USGS metal band attached to the leg of each loon chick.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Ancillary_Mark
Attribute_Definition:

Code of a marker (e.g., identification code, satellite transmitter nuumber) other than the USGS band. Each bird that is marked with an ancillary mark also has a USGS band. In this file, all markers are wing tags. All are yellow with red or black numbers. Each tag identifies a unique individual. Blank cells indicate that a loon chick did not receive an ancillary marker.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Code of a marker (e.g., identification code, satellite transmitter nuumber) other than the USGS band.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition:

Age in days of the chick when it was measured. A newly dried chick was considered to be one day of age. Blank cells indicate that the age of the chick was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 52
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Count (days)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Weight
Attribute_Definition:

Weight (grams) of the measured loon chick. Weights were taken using a spring scale.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 53
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1580
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grams

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Culmen
Attribute_Definition:

Culmen length (mm); tip of the bill to the end of the fleshy portion of the bill on the top of the bill. Blank cells indicate that the culmen length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 10.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 40.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Ant_Nares
Attribute_Definition:

Anterior nares length (mm); diagonal length of the upper bill measured from the anterior edge of the nostril to the distal tip of the upper mandible. Blank cells indicate that the anterior nares length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 30.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Post_Nares
Attribute_Definition:

Posterior nares length (mm); diagonal length of the upper bill measured from the posterior edge of the nostril to the distal tip of the upper mandible. Blank cells indicate that the posterior nares length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 9.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 33.6
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Tarsusb
Attribute_Definition:

Tarsus bone length (mm). Diagonal tarsus or tarsometatarsus bone. The diagonal length of the tarsometatarsus bone only, along the outside edge. Blank cells indicate that the tarsus bone length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 75.8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: M_Toe
Attribute_Definition:

Mid-toe length (mm) with the nail; the length of the middle phalanx along its dorsal surface from the proximal articular surface at the junction of the tarsometatarsus to the end of the nail. Blank cells indicate that the mid-toe length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 26.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 91.4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: M_Toe_noNail
Attribute_Definition:

Mid-toe length (mm) without the nail; the length of the middle phalanx along its dorsal surface from the proximal articular surface at the junction of the tarsometatarsus to the distal end of the toe at the base of the nail. Blank cells indicate that the mid-toe length without the nail was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.7
Range_Domain_Maximum: 85.2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Tail
Attribute_Definition:

Tail length (mm); the length of 1 of the 2 center rectrices from the point of insertion of the calamus on the skin of the coccyx to the distal tip of the feather. Blank cells indicate that the tail length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 111
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Primary
Attribute_Definition:

Total primary length (mm); total length of the distal primary from the insertion of the remiges calamus at the skin surface to the distal end of the feather erupted feather of the distal primary as measured with a ruler placed between the 9th and distal (10th) primary. Blank cells indicate that the distal primary feather length was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 377
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Primary_Erupted
Attribute_Definition:

The length (mm) of the distal primary that has erupted; the length of the growing feather from the edge of the blue sheath to the tip of the feather. Blank cells indicate that the length of the erupted distal primary feather was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 355
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 9_Primary
Attribute_Definition:

Ninth primary total length (mm); total length of the 9th primary as measured from the insertion of the remiges calamus at the skin surface to the distal end of the 9th primary as measured with a ruler placed between the 8th and 9th primary. Blank cells indicate that the length of the 9th primary feather was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 93
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 9_Primary_Erupted
Attribute_Definition:

Length (mm) of erupted feather of the ninth primary; the length of the growing feather from the edge of the blue sheath to the tip of the feather. Blank cells indicate that the length of the erupted 9th primary feather was either not recorded or not collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Dzubin and Cooch 1992
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 83
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Notes
Attribute_Definition:

Ancillary information about the individual. Blank cells indicate that no notes were collected or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Ancillary information about the individual.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Loon: Egg Measurements (TRANSCRIBED DATA): transcribedData_loon_eggMeasurements_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1973_1975.csv

Entity_Type_Definition:

This data set contains observations recorded during visits to Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon nests in study plots near the Old Chevak Field Station on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge), Alaska during the summers of 1973, 1974, and 1975. This data set includes the study area identification, date the measurements were made, year, species, plot, nest ID, and length, width, and weight of eggs. These data provide a basis for evaluation of long-term changes in loon biology on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, western Alaska. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Study Area
Attribute_Definition:

Field camp where loon nest searching occurred and eggs were measured.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Petersen 1979; Dau 1974; Flint et al. 2005
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hock Slough
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Previously known as "Lower Tent Frame" on the Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (approximately 61.33 N, 165.58 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Petersen 1979; Dau 1974; Flint et al. 2005

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Old Chevak
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Old Chevak Field Station on the Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (approximately 61.43 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Petersen 1979; Dau 1974; Flint et al. 2005

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Onumtuk
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Onumtuk study area on the Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (approximately 61.30 N, 165.70 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Petersen 1979; Dau 1974; Flint et al. 2005

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition:

Date when the nest was visited, and eggs were measured. Blanks cells indicate that the date was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1973-06-23
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1975-07-15
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year
Attribute_Definition: Year when the nest was visited, and eggs were measured.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1973
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1975
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year (YYYY)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Observer
Attribute_Definition:

The initials of the biologist measuring the egg(s). Blank cells indicate that the observer's initials were not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: CPD
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Christian P. Dau
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MRP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Margaret R. Petersen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DGR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dennis G. Raveling
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: CJL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Calvin J. Lensink
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: TR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tom Roudybush
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: RTLO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Red-throated Loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Plot
Attribute_Definition:

A specific geographic area within the study area where loon nest searching occurred. The study area is divided into eight plots. The boundaries of each plot were often delineated by small sloughs, major habitat change, or those of a previous study.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northeast of Old Chevak (approximately 61.43 N, 165.42 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: East of Old Chevak (approximately 61.43 N, 165.40 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southeast of Old Chevak (approximately 61.42 N, 165.40 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South of Old Chevak and the Kashunuk River (approximately 61.41 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South of Old Chevak and Plot 6 (see above) (approximately 61.39 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southwest of Old Chevak (approximately 61.39 N, 165.48 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 99
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The plot is either out of the boundaries of the loon study area or the nest is located in a plot that is not linked to a pond.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NestID_Location
Attribute_Definition:

The identification number of a pond within a plot or study location where a nest or chicks were found. The pond number within a plot (e.g., 8-2 = pond eight in plot two; 12-C-2 = section C of pond 12 in plot 2) yields the pond ID (hence nest ID). The pond ID (pond number and plot) remains the same for all years. Numbers of ponds within the eight plots can be found on the archived study area maps. Nests found by other observers on and off the loon study area are identified by the observer’s initials and their unique nest identification number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The identification number of a pond within a plot or study location where a nest or chicks were found.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Egg
Attribute_Definition:

The number (or letter) of the egg that was measured. A number or letter was written on each egg at the first time the egg was found in the nest bowl. Eggs were marked with permanent ink over the largest end of the egg. The numbers and letters on the eggs do not necessarily represent the order of laying. Blank cells indicate that the egg number or letter was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The number (or letter) of the egg that was measured. Numbers 1 or 2 and letters A or B.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition:

The age, in days, of the egg. Because loons begin incubation on the day the first egg is laid, this equates to the stage of incubation. Blank cells indicate that the egg age was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 15
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Days

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Length
Attribute_Definition:

Length in tenths of millimeters of the egg. The distance of the longest portion of the egg. Measurements were taken with calipers. Blank cells indicate that the egg length was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 66.9
Range_Domain_Maximum: 85.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: 10ths of a Millimeter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Width
Attribute_Definition:

Width in tenths of millimeters of the egg. The distance of the widest or ‘fattest’ portion of the egg. Measurements were taken with calipers. Blank cells indicate that the egg width was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 43.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 67.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: 10ths of a Millimeter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Weight
Attribute_Definition:

Weight of the egg in whole grams. Weights were taken with spring scales with the egg in a small plastic bag. Blank cells indicate that the egg weight was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 72
Range_Domain_Maximum: 107
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Grams

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Notes
Attribute_Definition:

Ancillary information about egg measurements. Blank cells indicate that no notes were collected or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Ancillary information about egg measurements.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Nest Monitoring (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original nest monitoring data of breeding Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [6.05 MB]. See "transcribedData_loon_nestMonitoring_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv" for a table of nest monitoring data from 1974 and 1975. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Loon: Nest Monitoring (TRANSCRIBED DATA): transcribedData_loon_nestMonitoring_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv

Entity_Type_Definition:

This data set contains observations recorded during visits to Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon nests in study plots near the Old Chevak Field Station on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge), Alaska during the summers of 1974 and 1975. This data set includes data collected on nests: habitat description, clutch size, nest initiation dates, hatch dates, nesting success, and predation rates. These data provide a basis for evaluation of long-term changes in loon ecology on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, western Alaska. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year
Attribute_Definition: Year the loon nest was located.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1974
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1975
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year (YYYY)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Observer
Attribute_Definition:

The initials of the biologist that located the loon nest. Blank cells indicate that the observer's initials were not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MRP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Margaret R. Petersen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DGR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dennis G. Raveling
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: CJL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Calvin J. Lensink
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: TR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tom Roudybush
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: CS
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Carl Strang
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: JH
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Jerry Hout
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: JP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Jack Paniyak
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: RTLO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Red-throated Loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NestID
Attribute_Definition:

The identification number of a pond within a plot where a nest was found. The pond number within a plot (e.g., 8-2 = pond eight in plot two; 12-C-2 = section C of pond 12 in plot 2) yields the nest ID. The nest ID (pond number and plot) remains the same for all years. Numbers of ponds within the eight plots can be found on the archived study area maps. Nests found by other observers on and off the loon study area are identified by the observer’s initials and their unique nest identification number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The identification number of a pond within a plot where a nest was found.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Plot
Attribute_Definition:

A specific geographic area within the study area were loon nest searching occurred. The study area is divided into eight plots. The boundaries of each plot were often delineated by small sloughs, major habitat change, or those of a previous study.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northeast of Old Chevak (approximately 61.43 N, 165.42 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: East of Old Chevak (approximately 61.43 N, 165.40 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southeast of Old Chevak (approximately 61.42 N, 165.40 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South of Old Chevak and the Kashunuk River (approximately 61.41 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

South of Old Chevak and Plot 6 (see above) (approximately 61.39 N, 165.45 W)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southwest of Old Chevak (approximately 61.39 N, 165.48 W)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 99
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The plot is either out of the boundaries of the loon study area or the nest is located in a plot that is not linked to a pond.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Habitat
Attribute_Definition:

A general description of the habitat class and vegetation surrounding loon nests. Blank cells indicate that the habitat was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: IN
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Intermediate habitat (mixture of grasses and upland vegetation)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: TI
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tidal habitat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UT
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Upland habitat (mosses, lichens, crowberries, blackberries, etc.)

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nest_Site
Attribute_Definition: Type of physical feature where the loon nest was located.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nest is located on an island
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: P
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nest is located on a peninsula
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: S
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nest is on the shoreline of a pond
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown type of nest site
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Egg_Num
Attribute_Definition:

Total number eggs laid by the female loon. Blank cells indicate that there was no recent evidence of eggs in the nest or the total number of eggs was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Zero eggs in the loon nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: One egg in the loon nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Two eggs in the loon nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown number of eggs in the loon nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Hatched
Attribute_Definition:

Number of eggs that hatched in the loon nest. Blank cells indicate that the number of hatched eggs was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Zero eggs hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: One egg hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Two eggs hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown number of eggs hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Fledged
Attribute_Definition:

Number of chicks that fledged from the loon nest. Blank cells indicate that the number of fledged chicks was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Zero loon chicks fledged
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: One loon chick fledged
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Two loon chicks fledged
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown number of loon chicks fledged
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: First_Egg_Date
Attribute_Definition:

Date in which the first loon egg was laid, expressed as ordinal date. Blank cells indicate that no eggs were laid or the date that the first egg was laid was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 142
Range_Domain_Maximum: 168
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Ordinal Date

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Cal_First_Egg
Attribute_Definition:

Code for how the date the first egg that was laid was determined. Blank cells indicate that no eggs were laid or the date that the first egg was laid was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Actual date, based on the date one egg was present then followed by a second egg

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Estimated date, based on the date the first chick was hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date_Incubation
Attribute_Definition:

The date incubation began, expressed as ordinal date. Loons begin incubation on the day the first egg is laid, hence, this is the same day as the date the first egg was laid. Blank cells indicate that no eggs were laid or the date for the start of incubation was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 142
Range_Domain_Maximum: 168
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Ordinal Date

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Cal_Incubation_Date
Attribute_Definition:

Code for how the date at the start of incubation was determined. Blank cells indicate that no eggs were laid or the date at the start of incubation was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Actual date, based on the date one egg was present then followed by a second egg

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Estimated date, based on the date the first chick was hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown how the date for the start of incubation was determined
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Hatch_Date
Attribute_Definition:

The date the first egg hatched hatch, expressed as ordinal date. Blank cells indicate that no eggs were laid or the date the first egg hatched was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 169
Range_Domain_Maximum: 195
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Ordinal Date

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Cal_Hatch_Date
Attribute_Definition:

Code for how the date of the first hatched egg was determined. Blank cells indicate that the date of hatch was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Actual date, chick hatching (pipped egg to wet chick) or newly dry chick in the nest

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Estimated date, based on the date the first chick was hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown how the date of the first hatched egg was determined
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Fledge_Date
Attribute_Definition:

The date the young most likely fledged, expressed as ordinal date. A young loon was considered to have fledged if it was last seen as an (almost) fully feathered chick, flapping across the water on the nest pond, or still alive after 13 Aug. Chicks will remain on ponds after they can fly, thus, fledging date is approximate. Blank cells indicate that no chicks hatched or the fledge date was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 225
Range_Domain_Maximum: 255
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Ordinal Date

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Fate
Attribute_Definition: Fate code for the loon eggs or chicks.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Failed due to avian predator
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Failed due to mammalian predator
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: H
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Egg(s) hatched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Failed due to unknown predator
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UNK
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown fate of eggs or chicks
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Young fledged (if still alive after 13 Aug)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Egg(s) deserted, found cold in the nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: O
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Failed due to observer effects
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Yupik Eskimo egg collecting
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Collected live chick/egg and/or adult
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Num_Visits
Attribute_Definition:

Number of visits to the nest or pond when eggs or chicks were present. This includes the dates eggs or chicks were observed from an observation tower.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Days (Count)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Visit1 through Visit22
Attribute_Definition:

Day (ordinal date) of nest or pond visit on which each egg was determined to be viable, or a chick was present. Visits were also defined as the day in which eggs or chicks were observed from an observation tower. Blank cells indicate that the visit date was not recorded, or the observer did not visit the nest for that visit number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 152
Range_Domain_Maximum: 250
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Ordinal Date

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Eggs1 through Eggs22
Attribute_Definition:

Number of eggs or chicks present in the nest on the corresponding visit date. May be listed as the initials of the observer is eggs were present, but the number of eggs was not counted. Blank cells indicate that the number of eggs was not recorded or the observer did not visit the nest and count the eggs for the corresponding visit number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No eggs and no chicks
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: One egg
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Two eggs
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DC
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dry chick
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DC(S)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Two dry chicks
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Miss1 through Miss22
Attribute_Definition:

Number of loon eggs or chicks missing from the previous visit. Blank cells indicate that the number of missing eggs or chicks was not recorded or the observer did not visit the nest and count the missing eggs or chicks for the corresponding visit number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No eggs and no chicks were missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: One egg or chick was missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Two eggs or two chicks were missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown is any eggs or chicks were missing
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pred1 through Pred22
Attribute_Definition:

Cause of missing or destroyed eggs or chicks. Blank cells indicate that the cause of missing eggs or chicks was not recorded or the observer did not visit the nest and count the missing eggs or chicks for the corresponding visit number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Avian predator
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mammalian predator
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown predator
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UNK
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown fate of the eggs or chicks
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Young fledged; assumed to have fledged if alive after 13 Aug
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Egg deserted, found cold in the nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: O
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Failed due to observer effects
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Yupik Eskimo egg collecting
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Collected live chick/egg and/or adult
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Notes
Attribute_Definition:

Ancillary information about loon nest monitoring. Blank cells indicate that no notes were collected or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Ancillary information about loon nest monitoring.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Observations (NOTES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original observation notes of breeding Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [152 MB]. See "transcribedData_loon_observations_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv" included with this data release for a table of loon observation data from 1974 and 1975. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Observations (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original observation raw data of breeding Arctic [Pacific Loon] and Red-throated Loon on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [4.41 MB]. See "transcribedData_loon_observations_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv" included with this data release for a table of loon observation data from 1974 and 1975. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Loon: Observations (TRANSCRIBED DATA): transcribedData_loon_observations_YukonDeltaNWR_oldChevak_petersen_1974_1975.csv

Entity_Type_Definition:

This data set contains behavioral observations of Arctic [Pacific Loon} recorded during spring and the breeding season from observation towers near the Old Chevak Field Station, Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge), Alaska during June to September 1974 and 1975. We used the continuous sampling technique for recording observations of focal animals. This technique involved identifying a pair (male and female if possible), then reporting changes in behavior and/or habitat. If, for example, the female is sleeping and the male alternates between feeding and preening, there would be only one entry for the female (sleeping) and multiple entries for the male when switching between one activity and another. The amount of time an individual is in each activity is calculated by subtraction. Observation sessions of focal loons began after the first loon was on a pond and continued through chick rearing. Data for each sample includes: weather conditions, species, habitat, and activity. Each line represents the male, female, pair, or chick(s) of a pair or a flock of birds. The duration of an observation session of a pair of birds continued until the end of the observation session (generally 4 hours). Observations were made using a spotting scope and only conducted when weather conditions were adequate to see birds. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Card_Type
Attribute_Definition:

The type of card used to record loon observations. Blank cells indicate that the card type was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Comment card with ancillary observations or notations on the start or end of the observation period

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unspecified data sheet
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Species
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: American Ornithological Union (AOU)
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year
Attribute_Definition: Year the loon(s) were observed.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1974
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1975
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year (YYYY)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition: Date when the loon(s) were observed.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1974-06-05
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1975-09-05
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Start_Time
Attribute_Definition:

The time the observation period began. The 24-hour clock was used (e.g., 1400 = 2:00 pm; 0915 = 9:15 am).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0844
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1900
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Time (24-hr)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Tower
Attribute_Definition:

Observation site. The tower was 4.9 m (16 ft) in height and the observation platform size was 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 m (4 x 4 x 4 ft) and was 3.7 m (12 ft) above the ground; the platform was covered with canvas and lumber to hide the observer. Only an area large enough for movement of the spotting scope was exposed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Tower 1 (approximately 61.43 N, 165.42 W). Also called "Visitors tower"; "near lake with many islands"; "lake with cacklers".

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Tower 2 (approximately 61.43 N, 165.41 W). Also called "Big Lake tower".

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Tower 3 (approximately 61.40 N, 165.49 W). Also called "Budweiser tower" or "area 8 tower".

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PondID
Attribute_Definition:

The identification number of a pond within a plot where loons were observed. The pond number unique within a plot (e.g., 8-2 = pond eight in plot two; 12-C-2 = section C of pond 12 in plot 2) yields the nest or pond ID. The pond ID (pond number and plot) remains the same for all years. Numbers of ponds within the eight plots can be found on the archived study area maps.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The identification number of a pond within a plot where loons were observed.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SessionID
Attribute_Definition:

An identification ID denoting if the beginning or ending times of an observation were recorded. Blank cells indicate that the start or end of the observation were not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This record has a comment card identifying the start or end of the observation period.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Observer
Attribute_Definition: The initials of the biologist observing the loon(s).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MRP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Margaret R. Petersen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Observing_Conditions
Attribute_Definition:

Subjective, general observing conditions from 0 (poor) to 7 (excellent). Observing conditions can be influenced by vibration of the tower (high winds), visibility (can be obscured by heat waves, snowstorms, heavy rains, fog, and darkness), sun glare, weather (snow or rain blowing on scope, etc.), and other anomalies. Blank cells indicate that the observing conditions were not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Intermediate conditions between poor and moderate
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Moderate conditions
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Intermediate conditions between moderate and excellent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Intermediate conditions between moderate and excellent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Excellent conditions
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Visibility
Attribute_Definition:

The estimated distance the observer could see at the beginning of the observation period. Observations could not be conducted with visibility less than 50 m. Blank cells indicate that visibility was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Visability between 200 and 500 m
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Visability between 500 and 1000 m
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Visability between 2 and 4 km
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Visability between 4 and 10 km
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Visability greater than 10 km
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Weather
Attribute_Definition:

Atmospheric conditions during the observation period. Recorded in general notes on weather conditions for the day and notes taken during the observation period. Rain, fog, snow, and hail sometimes precluded observations. Blank cells indicate that weather conditions were not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0-50% cloud cover
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 50-100% cloud cover
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 41
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: fog, patchy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 50
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: drizzle
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 68
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: rain, light
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 69
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: rain, heavy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Temperature
Attribute_Definition:

Temperature at the camp either at the initiation of the observation period or general conditions during mid-day; in degrees Fahrenheit, dry bulb (e.g., 53 = 53F). Blank cells indicate that the temperature was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 38
Range_Domain_Maximum: 70
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Fahrenheit

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Wind_Direction
Attribute_Definition:

Direction of prevailing wind at the time of the observation period or general conditions throughout the day. Blank cells indicate that wind direction was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No wind
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northeast
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: East
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southeast
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: South
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southwest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: West
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northwest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: North
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Wind_Speed
Attribute_Definition:

Wind speed (mi/hr) at the time the observations began. Unless a change in speed was obvious, the wind speed at camp was used. Blank cells indicate that the wind speed was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Miles per hour

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Snow_Cover
Attribute_Definition:

Estimated percentage of ground covered by snow in the observation area. Blank cells indicate that snow cover percentage was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 50
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percentage

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Habitat
Attribute_Definition:

Habitat type where the individual(s) were located during behavioral observation. Blank cells indicate that the habitat type was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Melt water/grass area (not a permanent pond)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pond edge
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ice
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown habitat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pond
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Island
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Behavior
Attribute_Definition:

Behavior of observed loon(s). Blank cells indicate that the behavior was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Out of sight
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: AA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Diving
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: B
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Loon being chased
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: BB
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Splash diving
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nest building
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: CC
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Head dip
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Landing on pond
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DD
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Flapping wings
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Taking off from pond (begining flight)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: EE
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swimming towards other loon(s)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: FF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sitting on land
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: G
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chasing same species group, e.g., loon chasing loon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: GG
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Relaxed position sitting on water, not moving
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: H
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pre-flight head toss
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: HH
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alert due to loon(s) flying over pond
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: I
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Walking
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: II
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swimming away from other loon(s)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: J
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Standing, sleeping (roosting)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: JJ
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: On ice
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: K
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bathe/preen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: KK
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swimming with head and body low to water (low-sneak position)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: L
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Stand/alert (stand or sit) posture
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: LL
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chase a non-loon species of bird
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swimming
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: MM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Calling due to disturbance
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: N
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Feeding chick
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NN
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tuck behavior while sitting on water
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: OO
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Defecate on land
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: P
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Feeding (adult eating)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: PP
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult territorial call
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Q
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swimming with chick
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: QQ
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult mew call
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: RR
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Brooding young
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: S
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Hide; includes diving, moving to vegetation, low in the water with neck outstretched, or moving towards a parent in response to a predator.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: U
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Plesiosaurus-race ceremony
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Huxley 1923

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: W
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Other display
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: X
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Copulation
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Flying
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Z
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: On nest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Change_Time
Attribute_Definition:

The time (hh:mm:ss) of the observation session in which a change in behavior occured.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 08:00:00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22:05:00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Time (hh:mm:ss)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sex_Age
Attribute_Definition:

Sex and/or age of the individual loon whose behavior was recorded. Blank cells indicate that the sex and/or age was not recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: -
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: +
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult of unknown sex
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: B
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Second adult of unknown sex
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chick number one of a pair
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chick number two of pair
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Both chicks
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: P
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pair of unknown sex, performing same behavior
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: PC
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Adult or pair of adults and chick(s) perform same behavior at the same time

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Chick_Age
Attribute_Definition:

Age of the observed chick in days. Blank cells indicate that chick age was not recorded or no chicks were present during the observation.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 63
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Age (Days)

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 99
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Chick was an unknown age was observed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Egg_Laying
Attribute_Definition:

Days before or after the date of the first egg was laid (e.g., -3 = 3 days before the hen laid her first egg; 19 = 19 days after the first egg). Blank cells indicate that no chicks were present during the observation.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -20
Range_Domain_Maximum: 34
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Days

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Notes
Attribute_Definition:

Ancillary information about loon observations. Blank cells indicate that no notes were collected or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Ancillary information about loon observations.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Pond Habitat (MAPS)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the maps showing locations where pond habitat and vegetation type was recorded. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [2.38 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Pond Habitat (NOTES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the notebooks presenting vegetation types surrounding ponds used by nesting loons. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [16.9 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Loon: Pond Habitat (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of data sheets indicating pond cover by ice and pond size measurements. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [914 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Weather Conditions (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of data sheets indicating the daily weather conditions during bird observations. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [2.30 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Folder Overview [26.7 MB]
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original field data forms, notebooks, maps, and figures of avian species morphology, brood and nest monitoring, resightings, and species accounts. All data was collected within the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). Presented as a PDF format (documents). Years of data collection: 1973, 1974, and 1975. No attributes are described for this entity.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Banding Measurements (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original data sheets of live Cackling Goose weights and measurements. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [233 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Brood Monitoring (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original data sheets of brood size observations for Black Brant, Cackling Goose, Emperor Goose, Greater White-fronted Goose, Mallard, Short-billed Gull, Spectacled Eider, and Willow Ptarmigan. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [1.78 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Captive Measurements (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original data sheets indicating the morphological measurements of Cackling and Emperor Goose goslings held in captivity. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [7.40 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Collected Measurements (NOTES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the handwritten notes on the collection method and location of Cackling Geese used in the measurement dataset. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [1.80 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Collected Measurements (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the morphological measurements of collected (dead) Cackling Geese from Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [349 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Nest Monitoring (FIGURES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of bar charts of Cackling Geese clutch sizes. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [59.6 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Nest Monitoring (MAPS)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of mapped locations of Cackling Goose, Emperor Goose, Greater White-fronted Goose, Spectacled Eider, Sabine’s Gull, Arctic Tern, Greater Scaup, and Glaucous Gull nests. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [372 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Nest Monitoring (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of nest information and egg measurements for Arctic Tern, Black Brant, Black Turnstone, Cackling Goose, Dunlin, Emperor Goose, Glaucous Gull, Greater Scaup, Greater White-fronted Goose, Oldsquaw [Long-tailed Duck], Northern Pintail, Sabine’s Gull, Mew Gull [Short-billed Gull], Whistling Swan [Tundra Swan], and Willow Ptarmigan. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [3.82 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Resightings (NOTES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of notes on waterfowl resightings in the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, Californa from birds banded on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [88.5 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

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Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Species Accounts (NOTES)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of observations of flock and individuals of American Golden-Plover, Arctic Tern, Bar-tailed Godwit, Black Brant, Black Turnstone, Cackling Goose, Dunlin, Emperor Goose, Glaucous Gull, Greater Scaup, Greater White-fronted Goose, Lapland Longspur, Lesser Canada Goose, Oldsquaw [Long-tailed Duck], Long-tailed Jaeger, Marsh Hawk [Northern Harrier], Northern Pintail, Parasitic Jaeger, Red-breasted Merganser, Sabine’s Gull, Sandhill Crane, Short-eared Owl, Spectacled Eider, Whistling Swan [Tundra Swan], Western Sandpiper, and Willow Ptarmigan. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [9.67 MB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

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Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Species Accounts (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of observations of Greater White-fronted Goose, Sandhill Crane, and Willow Ptarmigan. All species checklists are available for viewing here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P950QX28. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [572 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

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Entity_Type_Label: Waterfowl and Other Birds: Specimen List (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the inventory of all specimens collected on the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge) and deposited at the Museum of Wildlife and Fisheries Biology at University of California Davis. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [628 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

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Entity_Type_Label: Fish: Folder Overview [481 KB]
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of the original field data forms and notebooks for fish sampling. All data was collected within the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge). Presented as a PDF format (documents). Years of data collection: 1974. No attributes are described for this entity.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Detailed_Description:

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Entity_Type_Label: Fish: Sampling (MAPS)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of hand-drawn locations of where fish were sampled in the Yukon Delta region. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [363 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Fish: Sampling (RAW DATA)
Entity_Type_Definition:

Digital scans of data sheets showing location of fish samples and the method for collecting the sample. No attributes are described for this entity. Presented as PDF format documents [118 KB]. The PDF scans are not currently in a 508 compliant format and are only available upon request by contacting: ascweb@usgs.gov

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Detailed_Description:

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Entity_Type_Label: breedingBiology_taxonomy_petersen_1973-1975.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table containing the taxonomic classification of birds observed on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: class
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Class
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Class

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: order
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Order
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Order

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: family
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Family
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Family

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: genus
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Genus
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Genus

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: species
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Species
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Species

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: subspecies
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Subspecies
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Taxonomic hierarchical level; Subspecies

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: common
Attribute_Definition:

The common name of the bird species at the time this data release was published.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System, The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Bird species common name

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: original_name
Attribute_Definition:

The common name of the bird species at the time of data collection. Blank cells indicate that the 'original_name' is the same as the common name.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The common name of the bird species at the time of data collection.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ITIS_TSN
Attribute_Definition:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System serial number for an individual species.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Integrated Taxonomic Information System serial number.

Breeding Biology of Loon and Waterfowl Species on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska during 1973-1975

Metadata: