Behavior of Pacific Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) Hauled Out on Sea Ice During UAS Overflights, Eastern Chukchi Sea, 2015

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Battaile, Brian C.
Originator: Jay, Chadwick V. (ORCID: 0000-0002-9559-2189)
Originator: Fischbach, Anthony S. (ORCID: 0000-0002-6555-865X)
Publication_Date: 20220118
Title:
Behavior of Pacific Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) Hauled Out on Sea Ice During UAS Overflights, Eastern Chukchi Sea, 2015
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested Citation: Battaile, B.C., Jay, C.V., Fischbach, A.S. 2022, Behavior of Pacific Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) hauled out on sea ice during UAS overflights, eastern Chukchi Sea, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DB7ZWP
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DB7ZWP
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2005
Title:
Response of Pacific Walrus Populations to a Rapidly Diminishing Sea Ice Environment
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 96
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Other_Citation_Details:
This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.
Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=96
Description:
Abstract:
This dataset is comprised of three tables showing the reaction of walruses hauled out on sea ice of the Chukchi Sea to overflights by rotary wing Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS). Data include behavior of walruses before, during, and after overflights, and environmental conditions during flights.
Purpose:
These observations on the reaction of walruses hauled out on sea ice, where the risk of trampling mortality is greatly reduced compared to coastal haulouts, were conducted to develop an understand of flight altitudes required to minimize disturbance risk from UAS overflights. The overall goal is to determine UAS flight altitudes that may be tolerated by walruses hauled out at coastal haulouts where they may be surveyed for population and body condition estimation.
Supplemental_Information:
Data were collected according to protocols for data collection and associated activities reviewed and approved by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee and conducted under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permit number MA801652-7.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2015
Ending_Date: 2015
Currentness_Reference: Observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Eastern Chukchi Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -163.8
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.1
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.9
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.6
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC427
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Seals/sea lions/walruses
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Marine mammals
Theme_Keyword: Aerial surveys
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Animal behavior
Theme_Keyword: Aerial photography
Theme_Keyword: Videography
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Walrus
Theme_Keyword: Odobenus rosmarus divergens
Theme_Keyword: Unoccupied Aircraft System
Theme_Keyword: Drone
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Walrus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Pacific Walrus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Odobenus rosmarus divergens
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America
Other_Citation_Details:
Taxonomic details retrieved January 9, 2022 from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Walruses were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance
Taxonomic_Completeness:
Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected.
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus rosmarus
Applicable_Common_Name: Walrus
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180639
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subspecies
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus rosmarus divergens
Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific Walrus
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 622045
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fischbach, A.S.
Originator: Taylor, R.L.
Originator: Jay, C.V.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Regional walrus abundance estimate in the United States Chukchi Sea in autumn
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: 86(6):e22256
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley
Other_Citation_Details:
Fischbach, A.S., Taylor, R.L., Jay, C.V. 2022. Regional walrus abundance estimate in the United States Chukchi Sea in autumn. Journal of Wildlife Management 86(6):e22256 doi:10.1002/jwmg.22256
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22256
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Flight ids, collection dates, sampling locations, and other values were cross-checked and verified with field worksheets.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Attribute values fall within expected ranges and data were proofed for the presence of duplication and omission.
Completeness_Report:
No data were omitted. When data were not collected a value of "NA" is indicated.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Positions determined by consumer grade hand held GPS; accuracy estimated to be within 3 m.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
From the chartered offshore research vessel R/V Norseman II, a retrofitted crabber designed for research in the arctic, we approached groups of walruses hauled out on ice floes from downwind to approximately 400 meters. From this position, the unoccupied aircraft system was launched from the boat to begin overflights. Photographs of the walrus group were taken before and after the overflights. Video of the walrus group was taken during the overflights. Environmental data is recorded prior to the beginning of the overflights. Visual observations of the walrus group prior to, during and after the UAS overflights were made to indicate the disturbance level of the walrus group by noting the number or proportion of the group of walruses that is resting, alert with the heads up and those leaving the floe.
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Original field data were transcribed to digital tables
Process_Date: Unknown
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: walrus_behavior_decreasingAltitudeUAS_chukchi_battaile_2015.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table with the responses of walrus haulout groups to UAS flights flown at decreasing altitudes. The UAS approached the group at a high altitude (120 meters), then descended in a series of seven steps to 30 meters. Walrus group were observed before, during, and after UAS overflights at different altitudes. The proportion of walruses showing alert responses is provided for each altitude. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Unique identifier of each UAS overflight, a concatenation of date and consecutive numbering of each flight in the format: YYYYMMDD-flight number. Corresponds to the 'Flight' variable in the other tables included with this data package.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique identifier of each UAS overflight
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: UAS_Model
Attribute_Definition: Model of Unoccupied Aircraft System
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Scout
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Aeryon Scout quadcopter manufactured by Aeryon Labs Inc. with a 1.4 kg flight weight.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ptarmigan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Ptarmigan hexacopter built by the Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration of the University of Alaska Fairbanks based on the DJI S800 airframe with a flight weight of 5-7 kg.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Group_Size
Attribute_Definition:
Number of walruses in a group hauled out on ice that was subjected to overflight by the UAS
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 150
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count of animals
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Mean_Pre_Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Mean proportion of the group that was active during three 10 second scans of the group prior to the overflights.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.09
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: [120m through 30m]
Attribute_Definition:
These seven columns represent the different altitudes of UAS overflights in meters (120, 105, 90, 75, 60, 45, 30). Data are the proportion of group members showing alert behavior when the UAS was overhead at each altitude.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
No flight overpass of the walrus group at that altitude occurred.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Mean_Post_Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Mean proportion of the group that is active during three 10 second scans of the group after the overflights.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.29
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
No flight overpass of the walrus group at that altitude occurred.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: walrus_behavior_stableAltitudeUAS_chukchi_battaile_2015.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table with the responses of walrus haulout groups to UAS flights at flown at a stable altitude. The UAS approached the group at a high altitude (120 meters), then left and returned in a series of four overflights. Walrus group were observed before, during, and after UAS overflights. The proportion of walruses showing alert responses is provided for each overflights. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Unique identifier of each UAS overflight, a concatenation of date and consecutive numbering of each flight in the format: YYYYMMDD-flight number. Corresponds to the 'Flight' variable in the other tables included with this data package.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique identifier of each UAS overflight
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: UAS_Model
Attribute_Definition: Model of Unoccupied Aircraft System
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ptarmigan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Ptarmigan hexacopter built by the Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration of the University of Alaska Fairbanks based on the DJI S800 airframe with a flight weight of 5-7 kg.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Group_Size
Attribute_Definition:
Number of walruses in a group hauled out on ice that is subjected to overflight by the UAS
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 17
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count of animals
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Mean_Pre_Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Mean proportion of the group that was active during three 10 second scans of the group prior to the overflights.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.02
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.04
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: [120m through 30m]
Attribute_Definition:
These four columns represent the different UAS overflights in meters (120). Data are the proportion of group members showing alert behavior when the UAS was overhead during each overflight.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.29
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.90
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Mean_Post_Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Mean proportion of the group that is active during three 10 second scans of the group after the overflights.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.37
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.35
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: walrus_environConditionsUAS_chukchi_battaile_2015.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table with environmental data prior to unoccupied aerial system overflights.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Flight
Attribute_Definition:
Unique identifier of each UAS overflight, a concatenation of date and consecutive numbering of each flight in the format: YYYYMMDD-flight number. Corresponds to the 'Flight' variable in the other tables included with this data package.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique identifier of each UAS overflight
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: UAS_Model
Attribute_Definition: Model of Unoccupied Aircraft System
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Scout
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Aeryon Scout quadcopter manufactured by Aeryon Labs Inc. with a 1.4 kg flight weight.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ptarmigan
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Ptarmigan hexacopter built by the Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration of the University of Alaska Fairbanks based on the DJI S800 airframe with a flight weight of 5-7 kg.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Group_Size
Attribute_Definition:
Number of walruses in a group hauled out on ice that is subjected to overflight by the UAS
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 150
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count of animals
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude of walrus group
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 71.6265
Range_Domain_Maximum: 71.8771
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: Longitude of walrus group
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -163.7393
Range_Domain_Maximum: -162.1793
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS84)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Wind_Speed
Attribute_Definition: Wind speed in knots prior to overflights
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Knots
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Wind_Direction
Attribute_Definition: Wind direction in degrees just prior to overflights.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 9
Range_Domain_Maximum: 355
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Temperature
Attribute_Definition: Temperature in Fahrenheit just prior to overflights.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 31.3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 36.9
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Fahrenheit
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Fog
Attribute_Definition:
Qualitative descriptor of amount of fog just prior to the overflights
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Qualitative descriptor of amount of fog
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Horizontal_Visibility
Attribute_Definition:
How far could the observer see horizontally just prior to the overflights
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: >1km
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Distance of horizontal visibility more than 1 kilometer
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Light_Level
Attribute_Definition: Light Level measured in foot candles
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 125
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4990
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Foot candles
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Proportion_Cloud_Cover
Attribute_Definition: Amount of cloud cover just prior to overflight
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The proportion of cloud cover present was not recorded.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Precipitation
Attribute_Definition: Amount of precipitation just prior to overflight
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Millimeters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Vessel_Distance
Attribute_Definition:
Distance of vessel from walrus group just prior to overflights measured in meters.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 375
Range_Domain_Maximum: 777
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source and distributor of these data.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Information_Content:
Data are distributed in a Zip package containing data in CSV format and FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats.
File_Decompression_Technique:
Compression applied by the 7-Zip utility using the default compression level [5]. The Zip package can be decompressed and unpacked by open source or commercially available unzip tools.
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DB7ZWP
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20221025
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Generated by mp version 2.9.52 on Tue Oct 25 17:43:52 2022