Walrus Bayesian State-space Model Output from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, 2008-2012
Metadata:
- Identification_Information:
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- Citation:
-
- Citation_Information:
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- Originator: W. S. Beatty
- Originator: C. V. Jay
- Originator: A. S. Fischbach
- Publication_Date: 201607
- Title:
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Walrus Bayesian State-space Model Output from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, 2008-2012
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
- Publication_Information:
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- Publication_Place: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
- Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
- Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F77M060G
- Larger_Work_Citation:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator: Chadwick Jay
- Publication_Date: Unpublished material
- Title: Walrus Research
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Website
- Publication_Information:
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- Publication_Place: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
- Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
- Online_Linkage: http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/walrus/
- Description:
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- Abstract:
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State-space models offer researchers an objective approach to modeling complex animal location datasets, and state-space model behavior classifications are often assumed to have a link to animal behavior. We evaluated the behavioral classification accuracy of a Bayesian state-space model in Pacific walruses using Argos satellite tags outfitted with sensors to detect animal behavior in real time. Specifically, tags were targeted to attach midway between the shoulders and each tag had a conductivity sensor and pressure transducer sensor integrated with an Argos satellite telemetry tag. At 1 s intervals, the pressure transducer recorded the depth of the tag and the conductivity sensor indicated whether the tag was in salt water. Two simple algorithms that ran onboard the tag summarized behavior information within 1-hr intervals to facilitate behavior data transmission through the Argos system using two indicator variables. One algorithm set the forage indicator variable to 1 if >50% of depth measurements exceeded 10 m during a 1-hr interval and to 0 if otherwise. A second algorithm set the wet indicator variable to 1 if >10% of conductivity measurements indicated the tag was in salt water during that 1-hr interval and to 0 if otherwise. Based on the values of these two indicator variables, we categorized each 1-hr interval into one of three behavior states. A combination of wet = 0 and forage = 0 for a 1-hr interval indicated the animal was primarily hauled-out during that period. Variable indicators of wet = 1 and forage = 0 indicated a walrus was primarily in water and not foraging (swimming) during the associated 1-hr interval. Finally, combinations of wet = 1 and foraging = 1 represented an individual foraging at depth for the corresponding 1-hr interval. To compare these real behaviors to modeled behaviors, we fit a two-state discrete-time continuous-space Bayesian state-space model to data from 306 Pacific walruses tagged in the Chukchi Sea. We matched predicted locations and behaviors from the state-space model (resident, transient behavior) to true animal behavior (foraging, swimming, hauled-out) and evaluated classification accuracy with kappa statistics and root mean square error. These data represent Bayesian state-space model output for 8 hr and 12 hr time steps.
- Purpose:
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Evaluate behavioral classification accuracy of a Bayesian state-space model in Pacific walruses.
- Time_Period_of_Content:
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- Time_Period_Information:
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- Range_of_Dates/Times:
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- Beginning_Date: 20080531
- Beginning_Time: 000000Z
- Ending_Date: 20121014
- Ending_Time: 115959Z
- Currentness_Reference: ground condition
- Status:
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- Progress: Complete
- Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
- Spatial_Domain:
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- Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Chukchi Sea and northern Bering Sea
- Bounding_Coordinates:
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- West_Bounding_Coordinate: 171.9987449
- East_Bounding_Coordinate: -152.2907934
- North_Bounding_Coordinate: 75.59113977
- South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.82267275
- Keywords:
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- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
- Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC58
-
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
- Theme_Keyword: Biota
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus
- Theme_Keyword: Behavior
- Theme_Keyword: Telemetry
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Theme_Keyword: animal movement
- Theme_Keyword: biologging
- Theme_Keyword: kernel overlap
- Theme_Keyword: radio telemetry
- Theme_Keyword: space use
- Theme_Keyword: state-space model
- Theme_Keyword: utilization distributions
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
- Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
- Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea
- Stratum:
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- Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Stratum_Keyword: Marine
- Temporal:
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- Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Temporal_Keyword: Spring
- Temporal_Keyword: Summer
- Temporal_Keyword: Autumn
- Taxonomy:
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- Keywords/Taxon:
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- Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
- Taxonomic_Keywords: Walrus
- Taxonomic_Keywords: Pacific walrus
- Taxonomic_Keywords: Odobenus rosmarus divergens
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenidae
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus
- Taxonomic_Classification:
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- Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
- Taxon_Rank_Value: Odobenus rosmarus
- Applicable_Common_Name: Walrus
- Access_Constraints: None
- Use_Constraints:
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It is requested that the authors and USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use. It is the responsibility of the user to use the data appropriately and consistent with the limitations of the data in general and these data in particular.
- Cross_Reference:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator: W. S. Beatty
- Originator: C. V. Jay
- Originator: A. S. Fischbach
- Publication_Date: 2016
- Title:
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An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with the Pacific walrus
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
- Publication_Information:
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- Publication_Place: Marine Mammal Science
- Publisher: Society for Marine Mammalogy
- Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12332
- Data_Quality_Information:
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- Logical_Consistency_Report: None
- Completeness_Report:
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A complete description of capture, telemetry, behaviors, models, and model output can be found in the companion manuscript for this data set: "An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with Pacific walrus" published in Marine Mammal Science in 2016 (DOI: 10.1111/mms.12332).
- Lineage:
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- Methodology:
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- Methodology_Type: Field
- Methodology_Description:
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For a complete description of all field methods to derive this data set, see the companion publication.
- Methodology_Citation:
-
- Citation_Information:
-
- Originator: W. S. Beatty
- Originator: C. V. Jay
- Originator: A. S. Fischbach
- Publication_Date: 2016
- Title:
-
An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with Pacific walrus
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
- Publication_Information:
-
- Publication_Place: Marine Mammal Science
- Publisher: Society for Marine Mammalogy
- Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12332
- Source_Information:
-
- Source_Citation:
-
- Citation_Information:
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- Originator: I.D. Jonsen, J. M. Flemming, and R. A. Myers.
- Publication_Date: 2005
- Title: Robust state-space modeling of animal movement data
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
- Publication_Information:
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- Publication_Place: Ecology
- Publisher: Ecological Society of America
- Online_Linkage: DOI: 10.1890/04-1852
- Type_of_Source_Media: paper
- Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
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- Time_Period_Information:
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- Single_Date/Time:
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- Calendar_Date: 2005
- Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
- Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Jonsen et al (2005)
- Source_Contribution:
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Jonsen et al (2005) developed an initial version of the discrete time, continuous space Bayesian hierarchical two-state switching model. This model was used in the generation of these data.
- Process_Step:
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- Process_Description:
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We collected Argos satellite telemetry locations for a samples of 362 walruses.
- Process_Date: Unknown
- Process_Step:
-
- Process_Description:
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We removed walruses that were monitored for less than 5 days or with less than 25 locations.
- Process_Date: 2016
- Process_Step:
-
- Process_Description:
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We examined geographic plots of Argos locations to remove outliers. The final data set included 306 walruses and 251,421 Argos locations.
- Process_Date: 2016
- Process_Step:
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- Process_Description:
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We partitioned our final dataset into 18 different groups according to year to facilitate data analysis.
- Process_Date: 2016
- Process_Step:
-
- Process_Description:
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We fit a discrete time, continuous space Bayesian hierarchical two-state switching model. The model predicted locations and behavior state at regular time intervals based on a correlated random walk process model and t-distribution observation models.
- Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
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I.D. Jonsen, J.M. Flemming, and R.A. Myers. 2005. Robust state-space modeling of animal movement data. Ecology 86:2874-2880.
- Process_Date: 2016
- Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
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- Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
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- Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
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- Geographic:
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- Latitude_Resolution: 0.00000001
- Longitude_Resolution: 0.00000001
- Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
- Geodetic_Model:
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- Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
- Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
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- Attribute_Definition: Identifies unique tag deployments
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Posterior mean of behavior. Values near 2.0 represent resident behavior whereas values near 1.0 represent transient behavior. Resident behavior resembled a pattern of area-restricted search and was characterized by movements with high turning angles and relatively low speeds. Transient behavior represented an animal traveling between two distinct areas and was characterized by low turning angles.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Range_Domain:
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- Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.0
- Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.0
- Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Posterior Mean
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Forage
- Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates foraging status of animal
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not foraging, 1 = foraging, NA = missing
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Wet
- Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates in water status of animal
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not in water, 1 = in water, NA = missing
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: pForage
- Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were foraging
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
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- Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
- Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
- Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
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- Attribute_Label: pWet
- Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were wet
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
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- Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
- Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
- Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
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- Entity_Type_Label: ssm_12hr.csv
- Entity_Type_Definition: Bayesian state-space model output for 12 hr time steps.
- Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
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- Attribute_Label: Deployment
- Attribute_Definition: Identifies unique tag deployments
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
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- Range_Domain_Maximum: 20121014
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- Attribute_Label: Longitude
- Attribute_Definition: Longitude in decimal degrees
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
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- Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.998373600598
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- Attribute_Label: Bmode
- Attribute_Definition:
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Posterior mean of behavior. Values near 2.0 represent resident behavior whereas values near 1.0 represent transient behavior. Resident behavior resembled a pattern of area-restricted search and was characterized by movements with high turning angles and relatively low speeds. Transient behavior represented an animal traveling between two distinct areas and was characterized by low turning angles.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
-
- Range_Domain:
-
- Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.0
- Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.0
- Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Posterior Mean
- Attribute:
-
- Attribute_Label: Forage
- Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates foraging status of animal
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
-
- Enumerated_Domain:
-
- Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not foraging, 1 = foraging, NA = missing
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute:
-
- Attribute_Label: Wet
- Attribute_Definition: Sensor reading that indicates in water status of animal
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
-
- Enumerated_Domain:
-
- Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0, 1, NA
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 = not in water, 1 = in water, NA = missing
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute:
-
- Attribute_Label: pForage
- Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were foraging
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
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-
- Range_Domain:
-
- Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
- Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
- Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: pWet
- Attribute_Definition: Proportion of behavior record observations that were wet
- Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Range_Domain:
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- Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
- Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
- Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Proportion
- Distribution_Information:
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- Distributor:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Organization_Primary:
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- Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing and physical
- Address: 4210 University Drive
- City: Anchorage
- State_or_Province: AK
- Postal_Code: 99508
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
- Distribution_Liability:
-
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
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- Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F77M060G
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- Metadata_Date: 20201125
- Metadata_Contact:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Person_Primary:
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- Contact_Person: William Beatty
- Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
- Contact_Position: Research Wildlife Biologist
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing and physical
- Address: 4210 University Drive
- City: Anchorage
- State_or_Province: AK
- Postal_Code: 99508
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
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FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
- Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time
Generated by mp version 2.9.33 on Fri Jul 22 18:22:45 2016