Diet Composition of Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears Sampled in Spring from 2004 to 2016 Estimated with Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center - Ecosystems Analytics Program
Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program
Publication_Date: 20231219
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: USGS Alaska Science Center - Ecosystems Analytics Program, USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program, 2023, Diet composition of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears sampled in spring from 2004 to 2016 estimated with quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P976BY21

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P976BY21
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:

Response of Polar Bear Populations to a Rapidly Diminishing Sea Ice Environment

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 16

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=16

Description:

Abstract:

These data are estimates of the proportional contributions of bearded seal, beluga whale, bowhead whale, and ringed seal to the diets of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears. Fat biopsy samples were collected from polar bears captured or biopsy darted along the north coast of Alaska or on offshore ice during March, April, and May from 2004 to 2016. Fatty acid data of the above four prey species were compiled from online sources (Bromaghin et al. 2015ab, USGS 2021) and one private source that has been used in several polar bear diet studies (Thiemann et al. 2008). Diet composition was estimated from polar bear adipose tissue fatty acid composition data (USGS 2023) using three methods: the original quantitative fatty acid signature analysis model (Iverson et al. 2004, McKinney et al. 2017) and two alternative methods based on recommendations by Bromaghin et al. (2015c, 2016ab, 2017).

Purpose:

These diet composition estimates were generated during research into the influence of land use during the sea ice minimum period and access to bowhead whale carcasses on polar bear cub survival and recruitment. We anticipate that these estimates will be valuable in future investigations of the effects of climatic warming and anthropogenic stressors on the health of individual polar bears and on polar bear population dynamics.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2004
Ending_Date: 2016

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Alaska Beaufort Sea coast and offshore ice.
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -165.85
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -141.00
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72.81
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 67.31

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC580

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears
Theme_Keyword: Seals/Sea lions/Walruses

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Threatened species
Theme_Keyword: Marine mammals
Theme_Keyword: Diets

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Fatty Acids
Theme_Keyword: Pinniped
Theme_Keyword: Polar bear
Theme_Keyword: Ursus maritimus
Theme_Keyword: Bearded seal
Theme_Keyword: Erignathus barbatus
Theme_Keyword: Ringed seal
Theme_Keyword: Pusa hispida
Theme_Keyword: Beluga whale
Theme_Keyword: Delphinapterus leucas
Theme_Keyword: Bowhead whale
Theme_Keyword: Balaena mysticetus

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Polar Bear
Taxonomic_Keywords: Pacific bearded seal
Taxonomic_Keywords: Bowhead whale
Taxonomic_Keywords: Ringed Seal
Taxonomic_Keywords: Beluga whale

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved November 4, 2023 from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were identified in the original source datasets by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance.

Taxonomic_Completeness: Taxonomy is complete for all samples.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus
Applicable_Common_Name: Polar Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180542

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Phocidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Erignathus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Erignathus barbatus
Applicable_Common_Name: Bearded seal
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180655
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subspecies
Taxon_Rank_Value: Erignathus barbatus nauticus
Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific Bearded Seal
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 622070

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pusa
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pusa hispida
Applicable_Common_Name: Ringed seal
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 622018

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cetacea
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mysticeti
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Balaenidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Balaena
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Balaena mysticetus
Applicable_Common_Name: Bowhead whale
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180533

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odontoceti
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Monodontidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Delphinapterus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Delphinapterus leucas
Applicable_Common_Name: Beluga whale
Applicable_Common_Name: Beluga
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180483

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the Suggested Citation for this USGS data release be included in any publications that reference or utilize these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

Melissa A McKinney (University of Connecticut, McGill University), Jennifer Bourque (University of Connecticut)

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Polar bear identifying numbers, sex, and age were extracted from the USGS Alaska Science Center Polar Bear Research program database. Identities (5-digit number tattooed on inner lip) are double checked in the field and during data capture. Age class is determined from a birth year that is assigned based on annual growth circuli in a vestigial tooth extracted the first time an individual bear is captured or the size of dependent young captured with the mother. Sex is determined by inspection of captured bears. The exceptions are that the sex and age class of 24 bears biopsied in 2012 that do not have a 5-digit numerical identifier were determined based on body size and shape by experienced polar bear biologists. The estimated dietary contributions are statistical estimates that are reported to the degree of precision produced by the software used to generate the estimates.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Attribute values fall within expected ranges. The diet estimates were constrained to fall within the interval [0,1] and sum to 1.

Completeness_Report: No data were omitted and there are no missing values.
Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Fat biopsy samples were collected from polar bears captured or biopsy darted along the north coast of Alaska or on offshore ice during March, April, and May from 2004 to 2016. Fatty acid data of the prey species bearded seal, bowhead whale, beluga whale, and ringed seal were compiled from online sources (Bromaghin et al. 2015a, Bromaghin et al. 2015b, USGS 2021) and one private source that has been used in several polar bear diet studies (Thiemann et al. 2008).

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title: qfasar: quantitative fatty acid signature analysis with R
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 8(9):1158-1162

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., 2017. qfasar: quantitative fatty acid signature analysis with R. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8(9):1158-1162 doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12740

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12740

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2017

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin 2017
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition with fatty acid data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ghalanos, A.
Originator: Theussl, S.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:

Rsolnp: General Non-linear Optimization Using Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Method

Edition: 1.16
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: R package
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: The Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)

Other_Citation_Details:

Ghalanos, A., Theussl, S. 2015. Rsolnp: General non-linear optimization using augmented Lagrange multiplier method. R package version 1.16.

Online_Linkage: https://cran.r-project.org/package=Rsolnp

Type_of_Source_Media: Software
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2015

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ghalanos and Theussl 2015
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Originator: Budge, S.M.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:

Exploring the Sensitivity of Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis to Assumption Violations (Supplementary Data)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Dalhousie University

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., Rode, K.D., 2015. Exploring the sensitivity of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations (Supplementary data). Dalhousie University. doi:10.15273/10222/57254

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.15273/10222/57254

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2015

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin et al. 2015a
Source_Contribution: Fatty acid data from prey species.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Originator: Budge, S.M.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:

Assessing the Robustness of Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis to Assumption Violations (Supplementary Data)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: USGS Data Release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7PR7T2W

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., Rode, K.D., 2015. Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations (Supplementary data): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PR7T2W

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PR7T2W

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2015

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin et al. 2015b
Source_Contribution: Fatty acid data from prey species.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:

Fatty Acid Composition of Polar Bear Adipose Tissue and Ringed and Bearded Seal Blubber Collected in the Chukchi Sea, 2008-2017

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: USGS Data Release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P92CRWOP

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program, 2021, Fatty acid composition of polar bear adipose tissue and ringed and bearded seal blubber collected in the Chukchi Sea, 2008-2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92CRWOP

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92CRWOP

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2021

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS 2021
Source_Contribution: Fatty acid data from prey species.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:

Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Fatty Acid Data, Spring Samples 2004-2016

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: USGS Data Release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9NIMT90

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program, 2023, Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear fatty acid data, spring samples 2004-2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NIMT90

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NIMT90

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2023

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS 2023
Source_Contribution: Fatty acid data from polar bears.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Originator: Budge, S.M.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:

Assessing the Robustness of Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis to Assumption Violations

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal arcticle
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 7(1):51-59

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., Rode, K.D., 2016. Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7(1):51-59 doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12456

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12456

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2016

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin et al. 2016a
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition with fatty acid data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Originator: Budge, S.M.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Simultaneous Estimation of Diet Composition and Calibration Coefficients with Fatty Acid Signature Data

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal arcticle
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 7(16):6103-6113

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., Rode, K.D., 2017. Simultaneous estimation of diet composition and calibration coefficients with fatty acid signature data. Ecology and Evolution 7(16):6103–6113 doi:10.1002/ece3.3179

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3179

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2017

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin et al. 2017
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition with fatty acid data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Originator: Rode, K.D.
Originator: Budge, S.M.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:

Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 5(6):1249-1262

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., Rode, K.D., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., 2015. Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Ecology and Evolution 5(6):1249-1262 doi:10.1002/ece3.1429

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1429

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2015

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin et al. 2015c
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition with fatty acid data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Iverson, S.J.
Originator: Field, C.
Originator: Bowen, W.D.
Originator: Blanchard, W.
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:

Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis: a New Method of Estimating Predator Diets

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal arcticle
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecological Monographs
Issue_Identification: 74(2):211–235

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Iverson, S.J., Field, C., Bowen, W.D., Blanchard, W., 2004. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: A new method of estimating predator diets. Ecological Monographs 74(2):211-235 doi:10.1890/02-4105

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4105

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2004

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Iverson et al. 2004
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition with fatty acid data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Originator: Iverson, S.J.
Originator: Stirling, I.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:

Polar Bear Diets and Arctic Marine Food Webs: Insights from Fatty Acid Analysis

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecological Monographs
Issue_Identification: 78(4):591–613

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Thiemann, G.W., Iverson, S.J., Stirling, I., 2008. Polar bear diets and arctic marine food webs: insights from fatty acid analysis. Ecological Monographs 78(4):591-613 doi:10.1890/07-1050.1

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1050.1

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2008

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Thiemann et al. 2008
Source_Contribution: Fatty acid data from prey species.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: McKinney, M.A.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Iverson, S.J.
Originator: Peacock, E.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Temporal Complexity of Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Diets During a Period of Increasing Land Use

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecosphere
Issue_Identification: 8(1):e01633

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

McKinney, M.A., Atwood, T.C., Iverson, S.J., Peacock, E., 2017. Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use. Ecosphere 8(1):e01633 doi:10.1002/ecs2.1633

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1633

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2017

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: McKinney et al. 2017
Source_Contribution: Prior analyses of the same polar bear fatty acid data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Originator: Budge, S.M.
Originator: Thiemann, G.W.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:

Should Fatty Acid Signature Proportions Sum to 1 for Diet Estimation?

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecological Research
Issue_Identification: 31(4):597–606

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., 2016. Should fatty acid signature proportions sum to 1 for diet estimation? Ecological Research 31(4):597–606 doi:10.1007/s11284-016-1357-8

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-016-1357-8

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2016

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin et al. 2016b
Source_Contribution: Methods of estimating diet composition with fatty acid data.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Diet composition was estimated using the R package qfasar (Bromaghin 2017) and the function "solnp" from the R package Rsolnp (Ghalanos and Theussl 2015).

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Diet composition was estimated from polar bear adipose tissue fatty acid composition data (USGS 2023) using three methods, the original quantitative fatty acid signature analysis model (Iverson et al. 2004, McKinney et al. 2017) and two alternative methods based on recommendations by Bromaghin et al. (2015c, 2016ab, 2017).

Method 1: the Iverson et al. (2004) model, marine calibration coefficients from Thiemann et al. (2008), prey estimation space (Bromaghin et al. 2016a), Kullback-Leibler distance, fatty acid proportions of zero replaced with a value equal to 90% of the smallest non-zero proportion in the prey data, fatty acid signatures normalized to 1, and 31 dietary fatty acids: c16.2w6, c16.2w4, c16.3w6, c16.3w4, c16.4w3, c16.4w1, c18.2w6, c18.2w4, c18.3w6, c18.3w4, c18.3w3, c18.3w1, c18.4w3, c18.4w1, c20.1w11, c20.1w9, c20.1w7, c20.2w6, c20.3w6, c20.4w6, c20.3w3, c20.4w3, c20.5w3, c22.1w11, c22.1w9, c22.1w7, c21.5w3, c22.4w6, c22.5w6, c22.4w3, c22.6w3.

Method 2: the Iverson et al. (2004) model, all-marine calibration coefficients from Thiemann et al. (2008), predator estimation space (Bromaghin et al. 2016a), Aitchison distance, fatty acid proportions of zero replaced with a value equal to 90% of the smallest non-zero proportion in the prey data, fatty acid signatures augmented (Bromaghin et al. 2016b), and 30 dietary fatty acids: c16.2w6, c16.2w4, c16.3w6, c16.3w4, c16.4w3, c16.4w1, c18.2w6, c18.2w4, c18.3w6, c18.3w4, c18.3w3, c18.3w1, c18.4w3, c18.4w1, c20.1w9, c20.1w7, c20.2w6, c20.3w6, c20.4w6, c20.3w3, c20.4w3, c20.5w3, c22.1w11, c22.1w9, c22.1w7, c21.5w3, c22.4w6, c22.5w6, c22.4w3, c22.6w3. These are the same fatty acids used in Method 1, except 20:1w11 was excluded.

Method 3: the Bromaghin et al. (2017) model, predator estimation space (Bromaghin et al. 2016a), Aitchison distance, fatty acid proportions of zero replaced with a value equal to 90% of the smallest non-zero proportion in the prey data, fatty acid signatures augmented (Bromaghin et al. 2016b), and the same 31 dietary fatty acids used in Method 1: c16.2w6, c16.2w4, c16.3w6, c16.3w4, c16.4w3, c16.4w1, c18.2w6, c18.2w4, c18.3w6, c18.3w4, c18.3w3, c18.3w1, c18.4w3, c18.4w1, c20.1w11, c20.1w9, c20.1w7, c20.2w6, c20.3w6, c20.4w6, c20.3w3, c20.4w3, c20.5w3, c22.1w11, c22.1w9, c22.1w7, c21.5w3, c22.4w6, c22.5w6, c22.4w3, c22.6w3.

Process_Date: Unknown

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: polarBear_multipleMethodDietEstimates_bromaghin.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table with capture details and three different estimates of the proportional contribution of four marine mammals to the lipid intake of an individual bear. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Method
Attribute_Definition:

Values indicate of a set of options used to estimate diet composition.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Method 1: the Iverson et al. (2004) model, marine calibration coefficients from Thiemann et al. (2008), prey estimation space (Bromaghin et al. 2016a), Kullback-Leibler distance, fatty acid proportions of zero replaced with a value equal to 90% of the smallest non-zero proportion in the prey data, fatty acid signatures normalized to 1, and the 31 dietary fatty acids: c16.2w6, c16.2w4, c16.3w6, c16.3w4, c16.4w3, c16.4w1, c18.2w6, c18.2w4, c18.3w6, c18.3w4, c18.3w3, c18.3w1, c18.4w3, c18.4w1, c20.1w11, c20.1w9, c20.1w7, c20.2w6, c20.3w6, c20.4w6, c20.3w3, c20.4w3, c20.5w3, c22.1w11, c22.1w9, c22.1w7, c21.5w3, c22.4w6, c22.5w6, c22.4w3, c22.6w3.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Method 2: the Iverson et al. (2004) model, all-marine calibration coefficients from Thiemann et al. (2008), predator estimation space (Bromaghin et al. 2016a), Aitchison distance, fatty acid proportions of zero replaced with a value equal to 90% of the smallest non-zero proportion in the prey data, fatty acid signatures augmented (Bromaghin et al. 2016b), and the 30 dietary fatty acids: c16.2w6, c16.2w4, c16.3w6, c16.3w4, c16.4w3, c16.4w1, c18.2w6, c18.2w4, c18.3w6, c18.3w4, c18.3w3, c18.3w1, c18.4w3, c18.4w1, c20.1w9, c20.1w7, c20.2w6, c20.3w6, c20.4w6, c20.3w3, c20.4w3, c20.5w3, c22.1w11, c22.1w9, c22.1w7, c21.5w3, c22.4w6, c22.5w6, c22.4w3, c22.6w3 used. These are the same fatty acids used in Method 1, except 20:1w11 was excluded.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BearID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identifier of each individual bear. Records with a 5-digit identifier represent bears that have been physically captured at some time during their lifetime. Records with a more complicated alphanumeric identifier are from bears from which a sample was obtain by remote biopsy darting and whose genetic data did not match that of a previously captured bear at the time these data were collated.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique identifier of each individual bear.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Age
Attribute_Definition: The age class of an individual bear at the time it was sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: adult
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult bears are at least 5 years old.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: subadult
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Subadult bears are independent of their mother and are from 2 to 4 years old.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sex
Attribute_Definition: The sex of an individual bear.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A male bear.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A female bear.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Date
Attribute_Definition:

The date an individual bear was sampled. Sampling occurred in March, April, or May from 2004 to 2016.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3/26/2004
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4/23/2016
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (MM/DD/YYYY)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Bearded
Attribute_Definition:

The estimated proportional contribution of bearded seal to the lipid intake of an individual bear.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.25e-12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.999999621

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Beluga
Attribute_Definition:

The estimated proportional contribution of beluga whale to the lipid intake of an individual bear.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.25e-12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.99999981

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Bowhead
Attribute_Definition:

The estimated proportional contribution of bowhead whale to the lipid intake of an individual bear.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.51e-12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.999999891

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Ringed
Attribute_Definition:

The estimated proportional contribution of ringed seal to the lipid intake of an individual bear.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.82e-11
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.999999941

Diet Composition of Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears Sampled in Spring from 2004 to 2016 Estimated with Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis

Metadata: