Polar Bear Hair Mercury Concentrations Southern Beaufort Sea 2004-2011

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center, Polar Bear Research Program
Publication_Date: 20230221
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: USGS Alaska Science Center, Polar Bear Research Program, 2023, Polar bear hair mercury concentrations southern Beaufort Sea 2004-2011: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71H2

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71H2
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:

Response of Polar Bear Populations to a Rapidly Diminishing Sea Ice Environment

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 16

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=16

Description:

Abstract:

These are data collected from polar bears from the southern Beaufort Seas during the spring and fall between 2004 and 2011. Data include individual ID, sex and age class, presence of dependent young, season of sample collection, total mercury concentration derived from a hair sample, estimate of annual diet proportion, and indices of body condition.

Purpose:

To assess factors influencing temporal trends in polar bear hair total mercury concentrations.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2004
Ending_Date: 2011

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Southern Beaufort Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.0792
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.0796
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 75.1821
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 69.0491

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC518

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears
Theme_Keyword: Trophic dynamics

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Marine mammals
Theme_Keyword: Diets
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife food habits
Theme_Keyword: Contaminants
Theme_Keyword: Mercury levels

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis
Theme_Keyword: QFASA
Theme_Keyword: Polar bears
Theme_Keyword: Ursus maritimus

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Mammals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Carnivore

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved February 20, 2023, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Polar bears were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance. They are easily distinguishable from other species by physical characteristics and habitat use patterns.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No vouchers were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus
Applicable_Common_Name: Polar bear
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180542

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: McKinney, M.A.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Pedro, S.
Originator: Peacock, E.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Ecological Change Drives a Decline in Mercury Concentrations in Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Environmental Science and Technology
Issue_Identification: 51(14):7814-7822

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ACS Publications

Other_Citation_Details:

McKinney, M.A., Atwood, T.C., Pedro, S., Peacock, E. 2017. Ecological change drives a decline in mercury concentrations in southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears. Environmental Science and Technology 51(14):7814-7822 doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00812

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00812

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Mercury concentrations and diet estimates were derived at the University of Connecticut using well established methods including various laboratory quality control and assurance testing. In deriving estimates of total mercury concentrations, quality control procedures included analysis of blanks, sample duplicates, matrix spikes, and certified standards from the National Research Council of Canada. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis was used to determine the proportions of individual prey species consumed by polar bears by determining the weighted mixture of prey fatty acid signatures that best matches each polar bear signature after accounting for differences between predator and prey due to predator metabolism.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Attribute values fall within expected ranges.
Completeness_Report:

No data were omitted. Blank cells indicate the sample was not assayed and/or the data were not collected or recorded.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Polar bears were captured or biopsy-darted on the sea ice of Alaska's southern Beaufort Sea region in spring, 2015-2016. Upon observation, polar bear age class and sex class were determined and recorded. Age and sex class for captured bears was confirmed via physical examination. Captured bears were measured and weighed. Adipose tissue iopsy samples were collected from the rump and stored in a glass vial. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum and stored in a Whirlpack plastic bag. Samples were collected from yearling, subadult, and adult individuals. Unmarked bears were microchipped, tattooed, and ear-tagged with a unique number. Buccal swabs were collected from all captured bears and used to determine each individual's genetic ID. Samples collected from biopsy darted bears consist of hair, skin, and adipose tissue. The skin was separated from the adipose tissue sample and used to derive a genetic ID for each bear darted. Adipose tissue and fecal samples were then used in diet and gut microbiome analyses, respectively, as described below.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Adipose tissue samples were collected from yearling, subadult and adult polar bears from Alaska's southern Beaufort Sea region in spring, 2015-2016. Adipose tissue samples were placed in a glass vial and into a cooler immediately after collection and later transferred to a -80 degree Fahrenheit freezer for long-term storage (McKinney et al. 2017).

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Hair samples were analyzed to determine total mercury concentrations. Adipose tissue samples were analyzed to determine individual diets.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Fatty acid analysis was performed on polar bear adipose tissues. Diet estimates based on fatty acid signatures were determined via quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA; Iverson et al. 2004, McKinney et al. 2017) using the QFASA package in R (Bromaghin 2016). QFASA determines the proportion of individual prey species consumed based on the weighted mixture of prey fatty acid signatures. Estimates from QFASA were adjusted using calibration coefficients (CC) from mink (Mustela vison) fed a marine diet. CC-corrected polar bear signatures were analyzed using the Kullback-Liebler distance measure (McKinney et al. 2017).

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: McKinney, M.A.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Iverson, S.J.
Originator: Peacock, E.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecosphere
Issue_Identification: 8(1):e01633

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

McKinney, M.A., Atwood, T.C., Iverson, S.J., Peacock, E. 2017. Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use. Ecosphere 8(1):e01633 doi:10.1002/ecs2.1633

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1633

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2017

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: McKinney et al. 2017
Source_Contribution:

Laboratory Technique Citation: quantification of prey species in polar bear diets determine via fatty acid signatures

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Iverson, S.J.
Originator: Field, C.
Originator: Bowen, W.D.
Originator: Blanchard, W.
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:

Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: a new method of estimating predator diets.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ecological Monographs
Issue_Identification: 74(2):211-235

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Iverson, S.J., Field, C., Bowen, W.D., Blanchard, W. 2004. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: a new method of estimating predator diets. Ecological Monographs 74(2):211-235 doi:10.1890/02-4105

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4105

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2004

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Iverson et al, 2004
Source_Contribution:

Laboratory Technique Citation: quantification of prey species in polar bear diets determined via fatty acid signatures.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bromaghin, J.F.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title: qfasar: Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis in R
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: software
Series_Information:

Series_Name: USGS software release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F71G0JC9

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Bromaghin, J.F. 2016. qfasar: Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis in R (ver 1.2.1, March 2020): U.S. Geological Survey software release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F71G0JC9

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F71G0JC9

Type_of_Source_Media: computer code
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2016

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin 2016
Source_Contribution:

Software package for diet determination by Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Molnar, P.K.
Originator: Klanjscek, T.
Originator: Derocher, A.E.
Originator: Obbard, M.E.
Originator: Lewis., M.A.
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:

A body composition model to estimate mammalian energy stores and metabolic rates from body mass and body length, with application to polar bears

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal Experimental Biology
Issue_Identification: 212(15):2313–2323

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: The Company of Biologists

Other_Citation_Details:

Molnar, P.K., Klanjscek, T., Derocher, A.E., Obbard, M.E., Lewis., M.A. 2009. A body composition model to estimate mammalian energy stores and metabolic rates from body mass and body length, with application to polar bears. Journal Experimental Biology 212(15):2313–2323 doi:10.1242/jeb.026146

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026146

Type_of_Source_Media: publication
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2007

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Molnar et al 2009
Source_Contribution: Technique for estimating metabolic rates

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Proportions of prey items in polar bear diets was estimated with the QFASAR software package

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Bromaghin 2016
Process_Date: Unknown

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: polarBear_hairMercury_beaufort_atwood.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table containing information on total hair mercury concentrations and diets of polar bears sampled in spring and fall from the Alaska's southern Beaufort Sea, 2004-2011. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BearID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique numerical identifier of each polar bear, assigned at the first capture or sampling occasion.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique numerical identifier for each polar bear.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year
Attribute_Definition: Year in which an individual was sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2004
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2011

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SexAgeClass
Attribute_Definition: Combined sex and age class of a given individual.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: AF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: AM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: subadult female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: subadult male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: yearling
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: dependent 2-year-old
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: cub of the year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DependentYoung
Attribute_Definition:

Observation of whether dependent young (cubs of the year, yearlings, 2-yr olds) were present with the observed adult female.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: dependent young were observed with the given bear
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: No
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: dependent young were not observed with the given bear
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CubAge
Attribute_Definition:

Age category of dependent young, if present. Blank cells indicate that data are not available.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: cub of the year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: yearling
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dependent 2-year-old cub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Season
Attribute_Definition: Season during which data were collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Spring
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Spring season (March-May)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Fall
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: fall season (August-October)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Hg
Attribute_Definition:

Total mercury concentration (expressed as microgram per gram) in hair samples obtained from a given individual.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.615
Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.267
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microgram per gram (ug/g)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BeardedSeal
Attribute_Definition:

Proportion of bearded seal in the diet of a given individual as determined via quantitative fatty acid analysis.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.00

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BelugaWhale
Attribute_Definition:

Proportion of beluga whale in the diet of a given individual as determined via quantitative fatty acid analysis.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.88

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BowheadWhale
Attribute_Definition:

Proportion of bowhead whale in the diet of a given individual as determined via quantitative fatty acid analysis.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.98

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RingedSeal
Attribute_Definition:

Proportion of ringed seal in the diet of a given individual as determined via quantitative fatty acid analysis.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.00

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: StandardLength
Attribute_Definition:

Standard body length in centimeters of a given individual. Length is determined by holding the measuring tape approximately one foot above a given individual and taking a straight line measurement from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 107
Range_Domain_Maximum: 308
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters (cm)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BodyMass
Attribute_Definition:

Body mass in kilograms of a given individual as determined via a digital scale.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 39.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 499.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilograms (kg)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BMI
Attribute_Definition:

Body mass index of a given individual determined using a formula based on standard length and body mass. Body mass index was calculated using the formula and coefficients from Molnar et al. 2009.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 24.33
Range_Domain_Maximum: 85.74

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source and distributor of these data.

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: CSV
Format_Information_Content:

Data are distributed in a Zip package containing data in CSV format and FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats.

File_Decompression_Technique:

Compression applied by the 7-Zip utility using the default compression level [5]. The Zip package can be decompressed and unpacked by open source or commercially available unzip tools.

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71H2

Fees: None

Polar Bear Hair Mercury Concentrations Southern Beaufort Sea 2004-2011

Metadata: