Cortisol Concentration Data from Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Hair Collected in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas, Alaska, 1983-1989, 2004-2006, and 2008-2016

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Durner, G.M. (ORCID: 0000-0002-3370-1191)
Publication_Date: 20210713
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Durner, G.M. 2021. Cortisol concentration data from Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) hair collected in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas, Alaska, 1983-1989, 2004-2006, and 2008-2016. U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RP5KJP

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RP5KJP
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:

Response of Polar Bear Populations to a Rapidly Diminishing Sea Ice Environment

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 16

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=16

Description:

Abstract:

This data release contains one table which includes the concentration of cortisol from polar bear (Ursus maritimus) hair and morphometric data from some of the captured bears. We assayed concentration of cortisol in hair (HCC) from polar bears captured in the Alaska Beaufort, Bering and Chukchi seas during 1983–1989 and 2004–2016. Fields include the individual polar bear identifier (bearID), the date (sampleDate) and time (sampleTime) of sample collection, location that the sample was collected (latitude and longitude), agency that collected the sample (agency), sex of the polar bear (sex), the age of the polar bear at the time of sample collection (bearAge), categorical indicator of the age of the bear from which the sample was collected (ageCode), categorical indicator of the age of accompanying dependent young (cubAgeClass), the age and reproductive status of the bear at year-1 (reproClass), straight-line body length (SLBL), corrected straight-line body length (correctedSLBL), heart girth (girth), body mass (mass), and concentration of cortisol ( cortisolAssay_pg_mg), and morphometric data for some of the bears captured.

Purpose:

The data were collected to quantify the concentration of cortisol in hair (HCC) of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to provide a retrospective view of physiological stress they experience and a link to their response to environmental change. Morphometric data we used to explore the relationship between polar bear straight-line body length (SLBL), girth, and body mass, with HCC.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1983
Ending_Date: 2016

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Alaska southern Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -172.20
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -137.20
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 73.17
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.20

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC396

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Threatened species
Theme_Keyword: Reproductive success
Theme_Keyword: Trophic relationships
Theme_Keyword: Foraging behavior
Theme_Keyword: Body composition
Theme_Keyword: Animal morphology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Capturing (animals)
Theme_Keyword: Population dynamics

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Polar Bears
Theme_Keyword: Ursus maritimus

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea
Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Mammals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Carnivore

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved July 12, 2021 from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database: https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were determined by zoo staff. All polar bears involved in this study are on public display in U.S. zoos.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus
Applicable_Common_Name: Polar Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180542

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

Cortisol assays were conducted by the French Laboratory, Department of Biology, Utah State University.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Durner, G.M. (ORCID: 0000-0002-3370-1191)
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Using hair cortisol to assess physiological stress in Alaska polar bears

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: North Pacific Research Board Final Report
Issue_Identification: Projects 1716A and 1716B

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: North Pacific Research Board

Other_Citation_Details:

Durner, G.M. 2020. Using hair cortisol to assess physiological stress in Alaska polar bears. North Pacific Research Board Project Final Report: Projects 1716A and 1716B (October 2020)

Online_Linkage:

https://workspace.aoos.org/published/file/c07cf7a8-2880-40d7-9be9-31e5690dc2bc/1716_final%20report.pdf?source=catalogportalId=92

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Individual sample IDs, collection dates, and other values were cross-checked and verified with field worksheets.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Attribute values fall within expected ranges. NA indicates that no data are available for a particular sample (see Attribute Definitions for details).

Completeness_Report: The data are complete. No data were omitted.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Locations before 1998 were determined with USGS topographic maps and non-GPS aircraft navigation systems. Locations in 1998 and after were determined with GPS receivers with accuracy estimated to be within 3 m.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Polar bears were immobilized with a projectile syringe, containing sernylan, Phencyclidine, or Etorphine (prior to 1987), or tiletamine hydrochloride plus zolazepam hydrochloride (after 1986; Telazol®, Fort Dodge and Warner-Lambert Co.), fired from a helicopter. Morphometric data were collected while immobilized bear was in a sternal recumbent position or when in a cargo net connected to a spring-loaded or digital scale (for mass). Between ~0.01 and ~1 g of hair was collected from some captured bears during 1983–1989, 2004–2006, and 2008–2016 (USGS), and 2008–2016 (USFWS). Hair was collected from legs or the rump by either clipping or plucking. Hair for each bear was placed in a whirl-pak® plastic bag and frozen at -80° C and later thawed and dried under a laboratory hood at room temperature (~21° C) for ≥ 24 hours.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Dried hair samples were weighed with an Ohaus Explorer laboratory balance to subsample hair for cortisol assays. Mean subsample mass was 0.1053 g (std dev = 0.0151, n = 856). Hair samples were prepared and assayed for cortisol by following established methods (Davenport et al. 2006, Macbeth et al. 2010, Neuman-Lee et al. 2017). We divided each final [cortisol] sample into two 25 ml subsamples and used a commercially available immunoassay kit to estimate the cortisol concentration (mg/dL) for each duplicate. The average value of these two samples is provided in the "assayFinal" column of the data.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Davenport, M.D.
Originator: Tiefenbacher, S.
Originator: Lutz, C.K.
Originator: Novak, M.A.
Originator: Meyer, J.S.
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:

Analysis of endogenous cortisol concentrations in the hair of rhesus macaques

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: General and Comparative Endocrinology
Issue_Identification: 147(3):255–261

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Elsevier

Other_Citation_Details:

Davenport, M.D., Tiefenbacher, S., Lutz, C.K., Novak, M.A., Meyer, J.S. 2006. Analysis of endogenous cortisol concentrations in the hair of rhesus macaques. General and Comparative Endocrinology 147:255–261 doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.01.005

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.01.005

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Macbeth, B.J.
Originator: Cattet, M.R.L.
Originator: Obbard, M.E.
Originator: Middel, K.
Originator: Janz, D.M.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:

Evaluation of hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker of long-term stress in free-ranging polar bears

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Wildlife Society Bulletin
Issue_Identification: 36(4):747-758

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: The Wildlife Society

Other_Citation_Details:

Macbeth, B.J., Cattet, M.R.L., Obbard, M.E., Middel, K., Janz, D.M. 2012. Evaluation of hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker of long-term stress in free-ranging polar bears. Wildlife Society Bulletin 36(4):747-758 doi:10.1002/wsb.219

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.219

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Neuman-Lee, L.
Originator: Terletzky, P.A.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Gese, E.M.
Originator: Smith, G.D.
Originator: Greenfield, S.
Originator: Pettit, J.
Originator: French, S.S.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Demographic and temporal variations in immunity and condition of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A
Issue_Identification: 327(5):333–346

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Elsevier

Other_Citation_Details:

Neuman-Lee, L., Terletzky, P.A., Atwood, T.C., Gese, E.M., Smith, G.D., Greenfield, S., Pettit, J., French, S.S. 2006. Demographic and temporal variations in immunity and condition of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea. Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A 327(5):333–346 doi:10.1002/jez.2112

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2112

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Concentration of cortisol in hair was calculated in Microsoft Excel by 1) first converting the assay concentration to the appropriate units (i.e., ug/dL to pg/mg), 2) dividing the value by the total mass of dried hair used for extractions (mg) to calculate concentration per mg hair weight, and 3) correct for the amount of extract used in the assay relative to the total resuspension volume of the hair hormone extract (i.e., resultant value multiplied by either 0.5 or 0.4 ml resuspension volume and divided by 0.025 ml used in the assay). The resultant value was pg cortisol per mg polar bear hair, representative of cortisol deposition in hair shaft during the months immediately prior to collection of hair.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: polarBear_hairCortisol_alaska_durner_1983_2016
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table with sample details, including: location, life history stage, body measures, and hair cortisol measures from polar bears. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: bearID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique 1-3-digit numeric identifier for each individual polar bear.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique animal ID

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: sampleDate
Attribute_Definition:

Date (in year, month, day format) that a polar bear was initially observed by field biologists for capture and from which a hair sample was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1983-04-13
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2016-04-26
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: sampleTime
Attribute_Definition:

Time (Alaska local 24-hour format) that a polar bear was initially observed by field biologists for capture and from which a hair sample was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 00:00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20:58
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Time (hh:mm)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: latitude
Attribute_Definition:

Latitude (decimal degrees) where the hair cortisol sample was collected. Locations before 1998 were determined with USGS topographic maps and non-GPS aircraft navigation systems. Locations in 1998 and after were determined with GPS receivers.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 63.20
Range_Domain_Maximum: 73.1667
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS-84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: longitude
Attribute_Definition:

Longitude (decimal degrees) where the hair cortisol sample was collected. Locations before 1998 were determined with USGS topographic maps and non-GPS aircraft navigation systems. Locations in 1998 and after were determined with GPS receivers.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -172.1667
Range_Domain_Maximum: -137.2167
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees (WGS-84)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: agency
Attribute_Definition:

Department of the Interior agency that collected the hair sample.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: fws
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: usgs
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: sex
Attribute_Definition:

Sex of the polar bear from which the hair cortisol sample was obtained determined by physical examination of the captured polar bear by field biologists.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: bearAge
Attribute_Definition:

Cementum or field estimated age (years) of the polar bear when the hair cortisol sample was collected. For first-time capture of independent-aged (i.e., without their mother) polar bears, field biologists extracted a single premolar tooth that later underwent laboratory sectioning to count annuli, where each annuli represented 1 year. For first-time capture of dependent age (i.e., accompanied by their mother) polar bears, age was determined by physical examination of the captured polar bear by field biologists and was determined by size of the bear or the presence of permanent canines (adult teeth).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 30
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Years

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Age not available.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ageCode
Attribute_Definition:

Categorical age class of the polar bear when the hair cortisol sample was collected. Assignment by field biologists at capture or assigned after determination of cementum age.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Adult (>= 5 years old)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: S
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Subadult (3-4 years old)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Young (<= 2.5 years old) accompanying adult female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Age not available
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: cubAgeClass
Attribute_Definition:

Categorical age class of dependent young accompanying the polar bear when the hair cortisol sample was collected. Determined by physical examination of the captured polar bear by field biologists and was determined by size of the bear or the presence of permanent canines (adult teeth).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dependent young < 1 year old
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dependent young > 1 and < 2 years old
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dependent young 2 years old
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No young present
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: reproClass
Attribute_Definition:

Categorical combined age and reproductive status of the polar bear from which the hair cortisol sample was collected and is the status during the prior season of primary hair growth (i.e., summer and autumn). For hair samples collected in spring reproClass is the status of the bear at year-1 (i.e., the year prior to sample collection). For hair samples collected in autumn reproClass is the status of the bear at year-0 (i.e., the same year as the sample collection).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: AM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult male (>= 5 years old)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: subadult male (3-4 years old)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult female (>= 5 years old) accompanied by C0 dependent young
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult female (>= 5 years old) accompanied by C1 dependent young
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: IF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult female (>= 5 years old) unaccompanied by dependent young
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: UF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: adult female (>= 5 years old) whose status is unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: SF
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: subadult female (3-4 years old)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: DY
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: dependent young
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SLBL
Attribute_Definition:

Polar bear straight-line body length (SLBL) between the tip of the nose and either the base of the tail (years <2004) or the tip of the tail (years ≥ 2004) measured by field biologists while the immobilized bear was in sternal recumbency.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 159
Range_Domain_Maximum: 254
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not measured or provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: correctedSLBL
Attribute_Definition:

Corrected polar bear straight-line body length (cm) between the tip of the nose and the tip of the tail that accounts for differences in how SLBL was measure years < 2004 (measured from tip of nose to base of tail) and years ≥ 2004 (measured from tip of nose to tip of tail). For years ≥ 2004, correctedSLBL = SLBL; that is, no correction was required. For years < 2004, correctedSLBL = SLBL plus the following age and sex specific mean tail length: female < 6 years old = 12.41 cm; female >= 6 years old = 13.76 cm; male > 6 years old = 13.74 cm; male >=6 years old = 15.65 cm.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 168.50
Range_Domain_Maximum: 254.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not measured or provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: girth
Attribute_Definition:

Polar bear chest girth circumference immediately posterior to forelegs measured by field biologists while the immobilized bear was in sternal recumbency.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 90
Range_Domain_Maximum: 185
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not measured or provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: mass
Attribute_Definition:

Polar bear body mass measured or estimated by field biologists of the immobilized bear.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 113.40
Range_Domain_Maximum: 530.70
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilograms

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not measured or provided.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: cortisolAssay_pg_mg
Attribute_Definition:

Average concentration of two duplicate cortisol samples taken from the same hair sample. The averaged value was used in all subsequent analyses.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.3114
Range_Domain_Maximum: 36.0925
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: picograms per milligram

Cortisol Concentration Data from Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Hair Collected in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas, Alaska, 1983-1989, 2004-2006, and 2008-2016

Metadata: