Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Blood Based Analyte Data, 1983-2018

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program
Publication_Date: 20230706
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: USGS Alaska Science Center - Polar Bear Research Program, 2023, Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear blood based analyte data, 1983-2018: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OXCRJ6

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OXCRJ6
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:

Response of Polar Bear Populations to a Rapidly Diminishing Sea Ice Environment

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 16

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project that supported the collection of these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=16

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset is one table with data collected and derived from polar bears sampled in Alaska's southern Beaufort Sea during 1983-2018. Collected data includes demographic and morphometric information. Derived data includes blood-based analyte values determined from whole blood and serum samples. Serum samples were analyzed on an Abaxis VS2 Biochemistry Analyzer and whole blood samples were analyzed on an Abaxis HM5 Diagnostic Analyzer. VS2 analysis quantified values of 13 biochemistry analytes for the period 1983-2016. Complete blood count (CBC) analyte values were quantified from the HM5 analysis for the period 2005-2018. These data were used to (i) generate reference ranges of serum biochemistry analyte values for healthy polar bears (Fry et al. 2019), and (ii) examine factors that may influence biochemistry and CBC analyte values over time (Fry et al. 2023).

Purpose:

To establish reference ranges of blood chemistry analytes and characterize associations between blood-based analyte values and environmental variation experienced by southern Beaufort Sea polar bears.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1983
Ending_Date: 2018

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Southern Beaufort Sea
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.0792
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.0796
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 75.1821
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 69.0491

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC544

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Biota
Theme_Keyword: Environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Carnivores
Theme_Keyword: Bears

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Marine mammals
Theme_Keyword: Threatened species

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Coastal ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: Marine ecosystems

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Mammals
Taxonomic_Keywords: Vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: Bears
Taxonomic_Keywords: Polar bears

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved July 6, 2023, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database: https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species identification was made by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance. Polar bears are not easily confused with other species.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus maritimus
Applicable_Common_Name: Polar Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 180542

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Fry, T.L.
Originator: Friedrichs, K.R.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Duncan, C.
Originator: Simac, K.
Originator: Goldberg, T.L.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:

Reference Intervals for Blood-Based Biochemical Analytes of Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Conservation Physiology
Issue_Identification: 7(1):coz040

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford Academic

Other_Citation_Details:

Fry, T.L., Friedrichs, K.R., Atwood, T.C., Duncan, C., Simac, K., Goldberg, T.L. 2019. Reference intervals for blood-based biochemical analytes of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears. Conservation Physiology 7(1):coz04 doi:10.1093/conphys/coz040

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz040

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Fry, T.L.
Originator: Owens, L.A.
Originator: Ketz, A.C.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Dunay, E.
Originator: Goldberg, T.L.
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:

Serum Virome of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during a period of rapid climate change

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Conservation Physiology
Issue_Identification: coad054

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford Academic

Other_Citation_Details:

Fry, T.L., Owens, L.A., Ketz, A.C., Atwood, T.C., Dunay, E., Goldberg, T.L., 2023. Serum Virome of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during a period of rapid climate change. Conservation Physiology doi:10.1093/conphys/coad054

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad054

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Fry, T.L.
Originator: Friedrichs, K.R.
Originator: Ketz, A.C.
Originator: Duncan, C.
Originator: Roy, D.
Originator: Van Deelen, T.R.
Originator: Goldberg, T.L.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Publication_Date: unknown
Title:

Longitudinal Assessment of Relationships Between Changing Environmental Conditions and the Physiology of Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Global Change Biology
Issue_Identification: TBD

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Wiley

Other_Citation_Details:

Fry, T.L., Friedrichs, K.R., Ketz, A.C., Duncan, C., Roy, D., Van Deelen, T.R., Goldberg, T.L., Atwood, T.C. in prep. Longitudinal assessment of relationships between changing environmental conditions and the physiology of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)

Online_Linkage: .

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Blood samples were analyzed using VetScan VS2 (serum samples) and HM5 (whole blood samples preserved with EDTA solution) analyzers. Complete blood counts (CBC) were conducted using the HM5 analyzer on the day of capture at field laboratories in Utqiagvik, Deadhorse, and Kaktovik, Alaska. Serum biochemistry analyses were conducted using the VS2 analyzer in the laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center (ASC). CBC and serum biochemistry analyses followed the standard quality control, sample preparation, and post-analysis device cleaning protocols described in the HM5 and VS2 analyzer user's manuals (Kirk et al. 2010; Fry et al. 2019; Whiteman, et al. 2019).

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Attribute values fall within expected ranges. Blank cells indicate thatthe sample was not assayed and/or the data were not collected or recorded.

Completeness_Report: There are no missing data and no data were omitted.
Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

Blood samples were collected from polar bears that were captured and released on the sea ice and, sporadically on land, from 1983-2018. Samples were collected from the femoral vein using evacuated collection tubes. Serum from blood tubes with no preservative was used for biochemistry analyses and blood from tubes with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) solution was used for CBC analyses. Age was determined by direct observation, capture history, or cementum analysis of an extracted vestigial premolar (Ramsay and Stirling 1988). Bears were weighed, measured, given a physical examination, and biological samples were collected (Atwood et al. 2016). Bears >4 years old were classified as adults and bears 0-4 years old were classified as young. Blood samples were placed in a cooler with heat pads immediately after collection to prevent freezing CBC analyses were conducted in a field laboratory at the end of each day (Fry et al. 2019). Samples for biochemistry analyses were stored in a -20 degree Celsius freezer during the field season and later transferred to a -80 degree Celsius freezer for storage prior to analysis.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Serum was separated from blood by centrifugation at 1,500 g for 5 min (TRIAC, Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ) and frozen at -20°C. Frozen sera were then transported to the ASC laboratory and stored at -80°C until analyzed. Sera samples were analyzed on a VetScan VS2 biochemistry analyzer using the comprehensive diagnostic panel (Abaxis, Union City, California), which includes measurements of the following analytes: alanine aminotransferase (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alp), albumin (alb), total bilirubin (tbil), blood urea nitrogen (bun), calcium, creatinine (crea), glucose (glu), phosphorus (phos), potassium (pot), sodium, and total protein (TP). Globulin (glob) was calculated by subtracting albumin from total protein. For some samples only a subset of these analytes was available. CBC panel values were obtained from the HM5 analyzer on the day of capture and included measures of basophils (baso_per_ul), eosinophils (eosin_per_ul, lymphocytes (lympho_per_ul), monocytes (mono_per_ul), neutrophils (neutro_per_ul), hemoglobin (hemo_g_dl), platelets (plat_per_ul), red blood cell count (rbc_per_ml), white blood cell count (wbc_per_ml), and packed cell volume (pcv).

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ramsay, M.A.
Originator: Stirling, I.
Publication_Date: 1988
Title:

Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus).

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Zoology
Issue_Identification: 214(4):601-633

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Zoological Society of London

Other_Citation_Details:

Ramsay, M.A., Stirling, I. 1988. Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Journal of Zoology 214(4):601-633 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb03762.x

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb03762.x

Type_of_Source_Media: journal article
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1988

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ramsay and Stirling
Source_Contribution: Field Technique Citation: polar bear handling

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Peacock, E.
Originator: McKinney, M.A.
Originator: Lillie, K.
Originator: Wilson, R.
Originator: Douglas, D.C.
Originator: Miller, S.
Originator: Terletzky, P.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:

Rapid environmental change drives increased land use by an Arctic marine predator.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: PLoS ONE
Issue_Identification: 11(6): e0155932

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Public Library of Science

Other_Citation_Details:

Atwood, T.C., Peacock, E., McKinney, M.A., Lillie, K., Wilson, R., Douglas, D.C., Miller, S., Terletzky, P. 2016. Rapid environmental change drives increased land use by an Arctic marine predator. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0155932 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155932

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155932

Type_of_Source_Media: journal article
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2016

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Atwood et al 2016
Source_Contribution: Field Technique Citation: polar bear handling

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Fry, T.L.
Originator: Friedrichs, K.R.
Originator: Atwood, T.C.
Originator: Duncan, C.
Originator: Simac, K.
Originator: Goldberg, T.L.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:

Reference intervals for blood-based biochemical analytes of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Conservation Physiology
Issue_Identification: 7(1):coz040

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Oxford Academic

Other_Citation_Details:

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz040

Type_of_Source_Media: journal article
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2019

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fry et al. 2019
Source_Contribution: Laboratory Technique Citation: analyte analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Kirk, C.M.
Originator: Amstrup, S.
Originator: Swor, R.
Originator: Holcomb, D.
Originator: O'Hara, T.M.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:

Hematology of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (2005-2007): biomarker for an Arctic ecosystem health sentinel.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: EcoHealth
Issue_Identification: 7:307–320

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: EcoHealth Alliance

Other_Citation_Details:

Kirk, C.M., Amstrup, S., Swor, R., Holcomb, D., O'Hara, T.M. 2010. Hematology of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (2005-2007): biomarker for an Arctic ecosystem health sentinel. EcoHealth 7:307–320 doi:10.1007/s10393-010-0322-1

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-010-0322-1

Type_of_Source_Media: journal article
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2010

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kirk et al 2010
Source_Contribution: Laboratory Technique Citation: analyte analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Whiteman, J.P.
Originator: Harlow, H.J.
Originator: Durner, G.M.
Originator: Regehr, E.V.
Originator: Amstrup, S.C.
Originator: Ben-David, M.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:

Heightened immune system function in polar bears using terrestrial habitats

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
Issue_Identification: 92(1)

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Other_Citation_Details:

Whiteman, J.P., Harlow, H.J., Durner, G.M., Regehr, E.V., Amstrup, S.C., Ben-David, M. 2019. Heightened immune system function in polar bears using terrestrial habitats. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 92(1) doi.org/10.1086/698996

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1086/698996

Type_of_Source_Media: journal article
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2019

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Whiteman et al 2019
Source_Contribution: Laboratory Technique Citation: analyte analysis

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Original field data were transcribed to digital tables.
Process_Date: Unknown

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: polarBear_bloodAnalytes_southBeaufort_atwood.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table containing information describing demographic classification and blood based analyte values of polar bears sampled in the spring and fall from Alaska's Southern Beaufort Sea, 1983-2018. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BearID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique numerical identifier of each polar bear, assigned at the first capture.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique numerical identifier for each polar bear.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: capyear
Attribute_Definition: Year in which an individual bear was captured and sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1983
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2018
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year (YYYY)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: capdat
Attribute_Definition: Date on which an individual bear was captured and/or sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1983-04-19
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2018-04-10
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: season
Attribute_Definition: Season (spring or fall) in which an individual was captured.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Spring
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Captured between February and June.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Fall
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Captured between August and November.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: age
Attribute_Definition:

Age of captured individual in years. Blank cells indicate that age was not determined or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 27

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ageclass
Attribute_Definition:

Age class of an individual bear when captured. Blank cells indicate that age class was not determined or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Adult
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: An individual was determined to be >4 years of age.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Young
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: An individual was determined to be 0 to 4 years of age.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: sex
Attribute_Definition:

Determination of whether an individual was a male or female. Blank cells indicate that sex was not determined or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Determined to be a male based on anatomy.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Determined to be a female based on anatomy.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: mass_kg
Attribute_Definition:

Body mass (kg) was determined using a spring-loaded scale that measured mass to the nearest kilogram or an electronic scale that measured mass to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. Blank cells indicate that body mass was not determined or recorded.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 589.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Kilograms

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: den_status
Attribute_Definition:

Determination of whether an adult female denned during the winter of the year of capture. Blank cells indicate that denning status was not determined or recorded or is not applicable.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Determined to be an adult female that did not den during the winter prior to capture.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Determined to be an adult female that denned during the winter prior to capture.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: breed_status
Attribute_Definition:

Determination of whether an adult female was capable of breeding during the spring of capture based on the presence or absence of cubs. Individuals without cubs were determined to be capable of breeding. Blank cells indicate that breeding status was not determined or recorded or is not applicable.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Determined to be an adult female that was not capable of breeding during the season of capture due to the presence of cubs.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Determined to be an adult female that was capable of breeding during the season of capture due to the absence of cubs.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: alt
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (u/l) of the liver and muscle enzyme alanine aminotransferase (alt) in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.33
Range_Domain_Maximum: 183.50
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microliters/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: alb
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (u/l) of the protein albumin (alb), synthesized in the liver, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.45
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.40
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microliters/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: alp
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (u/l) of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (alp), synthesized in multiple tissues, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 612.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microliters/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: tbil
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (u/l) of total bilirubin (tbil), produced by red blood cell catabolism, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.17
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microliters/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: bun
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mg/dl) of blood urea nitrogen (bun), a waste product removed from blood by the kidneys, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 86.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams/deciliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: calcium
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mg/dl) of calcium, which plays a role in homeostasis, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.80
Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.15
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams/deciliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: crea
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mg/dl) of creatinine (crea), a waste product made by muscle tissue, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.30
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.35
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams/deciliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: glu
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mg/dl) of glucose (glu), a sugar that is the body's main source of energy, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 268.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams/deciliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: phos
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mmol/l) of phosphate (phos), an electrically-charged particle filtered by the kidneys, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.40
Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.93
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimole/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: pot
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mmol/l) of potassium (pot), an electrically-charged particle filtered by the kidneys, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.75
Range_Domain_Maximum: 153.75
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimole/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: tp
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mmol/l) of total protein (tp), a measure of the total amount of albumin and globulin, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.55
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimole/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: sodium
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (mmol/l) of sodium, an electrically-charged particle filtered that helps control the amount of fluid and pH balance in the body, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 76.50
Range_Domain_Maximum: 180.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimole/liter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: glob
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration (g/dl) of globulin (glob), a group of proteins synthesized by the liver, in a serum sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.20
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.40
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams/deciliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: baso_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of basophils (count per microliter), a type of white blood cell involved in immune function, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 11205.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: eosin_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of eosinophils (count per microliter), a type of white blood cell that curbs infection and boosts inflammation, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 10.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2975.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: lympho_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of lymphocytes (count per microliter), a type of white blood cell that curbs infection, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 183.75
Range_Domain_Maximum: 10265.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: mono_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of monocytes (count per microliter), a type of white blood cell that curbs infection, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2850.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: neutro_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of neutrophils (count per microliter), a type of white blood cell that curbs infection, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 807.03
Range_Domain_Maximum: 20457.16
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: hemo_g_dl
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of hemoglobin (grams per deciliter), a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.70
Range_Domain_Maximum: 28.19
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/deciliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: plat_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of platelets (count per microliter), a type of blood cell synthesized in bone marrow that promotes clotting, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 18.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2676.50
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: rbc_per_ul
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of red blood cells (count per microliter) in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3740
Range_Domain_Maximum: 10580
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: pcv
Attribute_Definition:

A measurement of the proportion of blood that is made up of cells in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 27.89
Range_Domain_Maximum: 68.65

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: wbc_per_ml
Attribute_Definition:

Concentration of white blood cells (count per microliter) in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2375
Range_Domain_Maximum: 25250
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count/microliter

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: nl_ratio
Attribute_Definition:

Ratio of neutrophils to leukocytes, used to assess the inflammatory response, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.159
Range_Domain_Maximum: 26.846

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: uc_ratio
Attribute_Definition:

Ratio of urea to creatanine, used to assess nutritional status, in a blood sample. Blank cells indicate that concentration was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.31
Range_Domain_Maximum: 44.94

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: bowhead
Attribute_Definition:

Determination of whether a bear fed on the remains of subsistence-harvested bowhead whales as determined via quantitative fatty acid signature (QFASA) diet analysis. Blank cells indicate that diet was not determined.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: no
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Individual was determined to have not fed on bowhead whale remains.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Individual was determined to have fed on bowhead whale remains.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Blood Based Analyte Data, 1983-2018

Metadata: