Observations Documenting Premature Mortality Among Alaska's Pacific Salmon in 2019

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: von Biela,Vanessa R. (ORCID: 0000-0002-7139-5981)
Originator: Stanek, Ashley E. (ORCID: 0000-0001-5184-2126)
Publication_Date: 20211214
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

von Biela, V. R., Stanek, A.E., 2021, Observations documenting premature mortality among Alaska's Pacific Salmon in 2019: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P920AL34

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P920AL34
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Publication_Date: 2016
Title: Heat stress in migrating Yukon River Chinook salmon
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Alaska Science Portal
Issue_Identification: 391

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

This is a link to the broader USGS Alaska Science Center research project supported by these data. Users will find a description of the research project and links to associated reports, publications, and data products.

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=391

Description:

Abstract:

These data are a compilation of geographically widespread observations of premature mortality in Pacific salmon across their range in Alaska in 2019. Premature mortality observations primarily spanned an area of western and southcentral Alaska that is approximately one million km2 and included all five species of Pacific salmon. Observations were obtained and compiled in a single database from four sources including reports to a citizen science reporting network (LEONetwork.org), from Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region by community members or staff, traditional media and social media, and directed emails by the lead author. Occasional observations of species other than Pacific salmon were obtained during this effort and were included in the database.

Purpose:

The observations were compiled to document widespread premature mortality among Pacific Salmon in Alaska in 2019.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20190608
Ending_Date: 20190910

Currentness_Reference: observed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Observations in western Alaska extend from Pilot Point in the south, north to the Kobuk River, throughout the Yukon and Kuskokwim River drainages east of Fairbanks. Observations in southcentral Alaska are predominately located in the Prince William Sound region with others throughout Cook Inlet, and in the Matanuska-Susitna river drainages. One observation was documented in southeast Alaska, near Juneau.

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.3604
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -134.7819
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 66.9167
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.5546

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC419

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: health
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: salmons / trouts
Theme_Keyword: perennial river
Theme_Keyword: temperature trends

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: anadromous species
Theme_Keyword: heat tolerance
Theme_Keyword: biological stress

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: aquatic biology
Theme_Keyword: fishery resources
Theme_Keyword: droughts

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Bristol Bay
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Alaska
Place_Keyword: Kuskokwim River
Place_Keyword: Norton Sound
Place_Keyword: Prince William Sound
Place_Keyword: Yukon River

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: Pacific Salmon
Taxonomic_Keywords: Oncorhynchus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Chinook Salmon
Taxonomic_Keywords: Chum Salmon
Taxonomic_Keywords: Coho Salmon
Taxonomic_Keywords: Pink Salmon
Taxonomic_Keywords: Sockeye Salmon
Taxonomic_Keywords: Arctic Grayling
Taxonomic_Keywords: Burbot
Taxonomic_Keywords: Northern Pike
Taxonomic_Keywords: Sheefish
Taxonomic_Keywords: Smelt
Taxonomic_Keywords: Cods
Taxonomic_Keywords: Whitefishes

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online database
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: ITIS-North America

Other_Citation_Details:

Taxonomic details retrieved November 11, 2020, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK

Identification_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Catherine W. Mecklenburg
Originator: T. Anthony Mecklenburg
Originator: Lyman K. Thorsteinson
Publication_Date: 2002
Title: Fishes of Alaska
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Bethesda, Maryland
Publisher: American Fisheries Society

Identifier:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact_Person: Vanessa R. von Biela

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99508

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:

The identifier for each record is included in the observer and/or citation attributes of this dataset. Observer contact information may be available from Vanessa R. von Biela.

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Field identification of early migratory and spawning adult Pacific salmon is straight-forward and expected of fishers in Alaska to adhere to species specific fishing regulations. Distinguishing characteristics of each species include the color of the mouth and gum line, presence and location of spots on the back and tail, and the presence of a calico banding pattern on the side of the body. Species that could not be identified are recorded to the lowest confirmed taxon.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy may not be complete for all records. If fish were identified only to family, the common name is recorded as "unidentified" followed by the common name of the family, and scientific name is the family name. Records that did not record the family are listed as "unknown" in the common name and scientific name attributes.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Actinopterygii
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Teleostei
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Protacanthopterygii
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Salmoniformes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Salmonidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Salmoninae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oncorhynchus
Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific salmon
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Applicable_Common_Name: Chinook salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: king salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 161980

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oncorhynchus kisutch
Applicable_Common_Name: coho salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: silver salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 161977

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oncorhynchus keta
Applicable_Common_Name: chum salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 161976

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Applicable_Common_Name: pink salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 161975

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oncorhynchus nerka
Applicable_Common_Name: sockeye salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: red salmon
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 161979

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Thymallinae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Thymallus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Thymallus arcticus
Applicable_Common_Name: Arctic grayling
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 162016

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Coregoninae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenodus
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenodus leucichthys
Applicable_Common_Name: inconnu
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 162006

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Coregonus
Applicable_Common_Name: whitefishes
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 161932

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gadiformes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gadidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lotinae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lota
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lota lota
Applicable_Common_Name: burbot
Applicable_Common_Name: eelpout
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 164725

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Esociformes
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Esocidae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Esox
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Esox luscius
Applicable_Common_Name: northern pike
Applicable_Common_Name: TSN: 162139

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 4210 University Drive
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99508
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: von Biela, V.R.
Originator: Sergeant, C.J.
Originator: Carey, M.P.
Originator: Liller, Z.
Originator: Russell, C.
Originator: Quinn-Davidson, S.
Originator: Rand, P.S.
Originator: Westley, P.A.
Originator: Zimmerman C.E.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:

Premature mortality observations among Alaska's Pacific Salmon during record heat and drought in 2019

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Fisheries Magazine
Issue_Identification: 47(4):157-168

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: American Fisheries Society

Other_Citation_Details:

von Biela, V.R., Sergeant, C.J., Carey, M.P., Liller, Z., Russell, C., Quinn-Davidson, S., Rand, P.S., Westley, P.A., Zimmerman C.E. 2022. Premature mortality observations among Alaska's Pacific Salmon during record heat and drought in 2019. Fisheries 47(4):157-168 doi:10.1002/fsh.10705

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10705

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attributes were spot checked against reported information and values were sorted to identify possible errors in Excel. See process steps for more information regarding confirming data accuracy.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Fields are left empty when information was not provided for a specific record. See the entity/attribute section for more details by attribute and for definitions of when "not specified" and not applicable ("NA") are used.

Completeness_Report:

The authors attempted to retrieve missing information by contacting observers when records were incomplete. Information was then standardized and categories were assigned as described in the entity/attribute details below.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Positions were acquired using either a hand-held GPS during observation or estimated after observations using Google maps. Positional accuracy estimated to 1 km. When latitude and longitude were not provided by the observer, coordinates were determined in Google maps using the place names and a description of the location.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:

Observations of premature mortality in Pacific salmon across Alaska in 2019 were compiled into a database. Observations were obtained through four main sources. First, through reports to the Local Environmental Observer Network (LEONetwork.org). Second, through reports to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game’s Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region by community members or staff. Third, through social media reports and traditional media articles. Fourth, through directed emails by the lead author to selected individuals to assess if the lack of observations from a particular geographic region appeared to be an artifact of available reporting from the first three sources or a true reflection of geographic scope. Occasional observations of species other than Pacific salmon were obtained during this effort and were included in the database.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Premature mortality observations among Alaska's Pacific Salmon during record heat and drought in 2019

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Fisheries Magazine
Issue_Identification: 47(4):157-168

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: American Fisheries Society

Other_Citation_Details:

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10705

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Unknown
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Local Environmental Observer Network
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Online_Linkage: https://www.leonetwork.org

Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2019

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LEONetwork
Source_Contribution:

Observations were compiled from reports through the Local Environmental Observer Network (LEONetwork.org). Citations and links to individual records are included in the dataset.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: State of Alaska
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Alaska Departement of Fish and Game
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Online_Linkage: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/

Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2019

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ADF&G
Source_Contribution:

Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) staff reported observations. Observer/reporter names are provided in the observer attribute.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Various authors
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Pacific Salmon mortality observations
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2019

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other
Source_Contribution:

Community members or other individuals reported observations. Community name or affiliated organization is included when applicable.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Observations were entered into a draft database by Vanessa R. von Biela as they were received; follow-up occurred when information was missing. Observations varied in the level of detail, but each was considered unusual by an observer with knowledge of the area, included identification of carcasses to at least genus level, and some information on the date and location identified to a specific river, lake, or beach. Carcasses were trapped on riverbanks, sandbars, and dried streambeds or floating in the water along migration routes or in spawning areas. Several other observation details were collected when available including: additional location detail (descriptive narrative or latitude and longitude), number of carcasses observed (estimated by order of magnitude or counted), confirmation of egg retention by internal examination of the carcass, water temperature, name of the observer, and the website link to the report (LEO Network, social media, and traditional news media reports). If latitude and longitude were not provided with the observation, they were determined using Google Earth Pro based on description of the location using the satellite image view. Observations with the same location and species were both included in the database if it was reasonable to assume subsequent observations reflected a different group of carcasses based on the span of time, carcass decomposition, or action of tides or stream discharge (e.g., a storm had removed previously observed carcasses).

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Information from observations was standardized and made consistent with other records and a final database was prepared. Standardization included retrieving US Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System(GNIS) place names and IDs given the location information reported. Categories were defined and assigned to each record; definitions of categories assigned are included in the entity/attribute details below.

Process_Date: 2020

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

When place names reported by the observer did not match with official place names recorded in GNIS, the GNIS location name is recorded in this dataset.

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: PacificSalmon_Mortality_Observations_2019.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Data file containing fish mortality observations formatted as a comma separated value (csv) file.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RecordNumber
Attribute_Definition:

Unique, sequential, numeric identifier assigned to each reported mortality observation.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Unique, sequential, numeric identifier assigned to each reported mortality observation.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DateMonth
Attribute_Definition:

Year and month of observation. Blank values indicate no month was reported. All observations are from 2019.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2019-06
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019-09
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DateDay
Attribute_Definition:

Date of observation, if reported. Blank values indicate no date was provided.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2019-06-08
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019-09-10
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DateGeneral
Attribute_Definition:

Reported time period of observation, if a specific date was not provided.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are text as communicated by the observer, and convey the general time period when the observation occurred.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CommonNameCategory
Attribute_Definition:

Category of fish species or genus used to group records for data analysis in the associated manuscript (von Biela et al. 202X).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Chinook Salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Chum Salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Carcasses were reported to be Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta).
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Coho Salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pink Salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sockeye Salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pacific Salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be a Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.), but the species was not identified.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Whitefish
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be Whitefish (Coregonus spp.). The species is identified in the Common Name attribute.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Other
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were reported to be a species that were not contained in the other categories defined in this attribute.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LifeStage
Attribute_Definition: Category assigned based on the life stage reported.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Juvenile
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Carcasees were reported to be juvenile(s).
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not specified
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Observer did not report the life stage of carcasses.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EggRetention
Attribute_Definition:

Category assigned based on observations of egg retention in fish carcasses. Note: no records reported that carcasses were examined for egg retention where eggs were not found.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Yes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Egg retention was observed in carcasses.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not specified
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Egg retention status was not specified by observer.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PrematureMortalityType
Attribute_Definition:

Category assigned to Pacific salmon to describe whether carcasses were observed along migration routes (en route mortality) or on spawning grounds with gametes retained (prepawn mortality).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: En route
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Carcasses were observed along migration routes.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Prespawn
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcasses were observed on spawning grounds with gametes retained.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not specified
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Observer did not report the mortality category of carcasses.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: NA
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not applicable as observations were not of Pacific salmon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LocationRegion
Attribute_Definition:

Category assigned for data analysis based on the region and/or watershed associated with each observation.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bristol Bay
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcass observation occurred in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kuskokwim
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcass observation occurred in the Kuskokwim River region of Alaska.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Norton Sound
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcass observation occurred in the Norton Sound region of Alaska.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Prince William Sound
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcass observation occurred in the Prince William Sound region of Alaska.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Yukon
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcass observation occurred in the Yukon River region of Alaska.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Gulf of Alaska
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carcass observation occurred in a watershed flowing into the Gulf of Alaska and not within another defined region.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LocationName
Attribute_Definition: Location name
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field reflect the reported location of the observed carcasses. Location names were confirmed in USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) at https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/board-on-geographic-names/domestic-names

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LocationGNISID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identifier associated with each place name in the USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Value is a unique identifier associated with placenames in GNIS.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LocationReportedName
Attribute_Definition:

Location name as reported by the observer, if different than the value in the "Location-Name" attribute.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are text corresponding to the place name reported by the observer. It is retained so as not to lose potential information in the report.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LocationReportedDetail
Attribute_Definition:

Additional details regarding the location of carcasses as reported by the observer, if available.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are text regarding the carcass location as reported by the observer. It is retained so as not to lose potential information in the report.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude of carcass observation.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 57.5546
Range_Domain_Maximum: 66.9167
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees, WGS84

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude of carcass observation.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -166.3604
Range_Domain_Maximum: -134.7819
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees, WGS84

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CarcassCount
Attribute_Definition:

Number of carcasses estimated or observed. Value is blank if a number was not reported. Note: Estimates of carcass abundance reported here are not appropriate for statistical analysis and were included only for descriptive purposes.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 35000
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Number of fish carcasses

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CarcassCountCategory
Attribute_Definition:

Category assigned for data analysis based on the number of carcasses estimated or observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Low
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

<100 carcasses were estimated or counted by the observer, or the observation did not indicate any estimate of count.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Moderate
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

≥100 and <1000 carcasses were estimated or counted by the observer.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Abundant
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: ≥1000 carcasses were estimated or counted by the observer.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Not specified
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A categorical estimate of the number of carcasses could not be obtained from the observer.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SuspectedCauseofDeath
Attribute_Definition:

Suspected cause or causes of death of the mortality event observed. Assigned for data analysis purposes based on the information reported by the observer and expert opinion.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are text regarding the suspected cause or causes of death. One or more causes may be assigned, if information was reported. "Not specified" identifies records where a suspected cause of death was not reported.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OtherNotes
Attribute_Definition:

Additional information that was not incorporated into other attributes of the report. It is retained so as not to lose potential information.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are additional information as reported by the observer.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Observer
Attribute_Definition: Person or people who reported or observed the mortality event.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are text as reported by the observer. Acronyms frequently used include: ADF&G - Alaska Department of Fish and Game, LEO - Local Environmental Observer

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Citation
Attribute_Definition: A citation for the report, if available.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this field are text and include a formatted citation of the report, if available.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Link
Attribute_Definition:

An internet link to additional information about the report, if available.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

The values in this attribute are web addresses linking to the report or information associated with the report.

Observations Documenting Premature Mortality Among Alaska's Pacific Salmon in 2019

Metadata: